Microwave-orchestrated phototherapeutic polypyrrole/soy extraction micro-complex for burn wound healing in a rodent model

Achieving effective burn wound healing while minimizing inflammation and preventing scarring remains a significant challenge in regenerative medicine. This research introduces a bioengineered composite that synergistically integrates near-infrared (NIR)-induced photothermal mild-hyperthermia with biotherapeutics to enhance skin lesion tissue regeneration. The composite leverages microwave-synthesized polypyrrole (PPy) for its efficient photothermal properties, combined with soy-derived Lactera (LAC), known for its anti-inflammatory and regenerative capabilities. Upon NIR exposure, the LAC-PPy microcomposite (MC) generates a mild hyperthermic environment that facilitates burn wound healing by promoting CD31-mediated angiogenesis, CD34-associated follicle activation, heat shock protein (HSP) expression, and modulation of oxidative stress, while regulating the anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization. These mechanisms collectively establish a bioactive microenvironment that supports cellular proliferation and tissue remodeling. Immunofluorescence assays demonstrate notable upregulation of CD31, CD34, the M2 macrophage, and HSP within treated tissues, correlating with accelerated wound healing and improved skin structure restoration. The NIRtriggered photothermal response enables non-invasive phototherapeutic interventions, positioning the LAC-PPy MC as a promising strategy for managing burn injuries as well as complex wounds. By combining photothermal modulation with bioactive healing properties, the LAC-PPy MC represents an advancement in regenerative medicine, potentially improving clinical outcomes in burn wound care.