Abstract
S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) is an important physiological redox form of nitric oxide (NO) and serves as an NO-releasing compound. 3-Morpholinosydnonimine hydrochloride (SIN-1) produces NO and superoxide anion (O2.-) which results in the formation of peroxynitrite (ONOO-). We investigate the cytotoxicity, cell death mechanisms and gene expression of NO and ONOO- in human lung epithelial cells show NO induced apoptosis and DNA genomic fragmentation. Whereas, ONOO- induced cell death more characteristic of necrosis than apoptosis. The concentrations of GSNO and SIN-1 required to cause death in 50% of cells were greater than 1 mM. Several gene products are important in controling the apoptotic and necrotic processes. Of these, bcl-2, bax and hsp 70 were studied. The level of expression of bcl-2 was dramatically decreased in cells treated with SIN-1 or GSNO, while the expression level of bar, the heterodimer of bcl-2, did not significant change. In addition, a roughly two-fold increase of hsp 70 was found in cells treated with SIN-1. There were no significant changes in hsp 70 levels in cells treated with GSNO.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 35-44 |
Number of pages | 10 |
Journal | Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology |
Volume | 6 |
Issue number | 1 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Aug 4 1998 |
Keywords
- Apoptosis
- Necrosis
- Nitric oxide
- Peroxynitrite
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Toxicology
- Pharmacology
- Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis