@article{3abbdf7905df4fbe9c10a83b5d323263,
title = "Laser-induced withdrawal test for electrophysiological recordings of nociception",
abstract = "CO 2 lasers are often used in pain research. However, the stimulation parameters of the CO 2 lasers, such as beam diameter, laser power, etc., used for these animal nociceptive studies vary across laboratories. The differences of the parameters usually make novices who want to reproduce the laser-evoked responses confused to follow. In this study, we quantitatively measured the laser-withdrawal reflex of the rat to ascertain the individual laser-withdrawal threshold and then found the thresholds were diverse among the rats we adopted. Furthermore, the optimal stimulation distance, the most conveniently modified stimulation parameter of CO 2 laser stimuli, was also determined. We suggest that laser-withdrawal tests should be applied before the electrophysiological recordings in order to verify the efficiency of the induced nociception and substantiate the operational parameters of the CO 2 laser device. {\textcopyright} 2011 Springer-Verlag.",
keywords = "CO 2 lasers, Hind paw, Laser-withdrawal threshold, Rat, Stimulation parameter, animal, article, electrophysiology, laser, male, methodology, nociception, nociceptive pain, pain assessment, pathophysiology, physiology, rat, standard, Wistar rat, Animals, Electrophysiological Phenomena, Lasers, Male, Nociception, Nociceptive Pain, Pain Measurement, Rats, Rats, Wistar",
author = "Kao, {Yu-Chieh Jill} and Fu-Shan Jaw",
note = "被引用次數：1 Export Date: 6 April 2016 CODEN: JCPAD 通訊地址: Jaw, F.-S.; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; 電子郵件： jaw@ntu.edu.tw 參考文獻: Agostino, R., Cruccu, G., Iannetti, G.D., Romaniello, A., Truini, A., Manfredi, M., Topographical distribution of pinprick and warmth threshold to CO 2 laser stimulation on the human skin (2000) Neurosci Lett, 285, pp. 115-118; Alm{\'a}si, R., Petho, G., Bolcskei, K., Szolcsanyi, J., Effect of resiniferatoxin on the noxious heat threshold temperature in the rat: a novel heat allodynia model sensitive to analgesics (2003) Br J Pharmacol, 139, pp. 49-58; Arendt-Nielsen, L., Bjerring, P., Sensory and pain threshold characteristics to laser stimuli (1988) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 51, pp. 35-42; Edwards, R.R., Fillingim, R.B., Age-associated differences in responses to noxious stimuli (2001) J Gerontol Med Sci, 56, pp. 180-183; Fan, R.J., Shyu, B.C., Hsiao, S., Analysis of nociceptive behavior induced in rats by CO 2 laser pulse stimulation (1995) Physiol Behav, 57, pp. 1131-1137; Fan, R.J., Kung, J.C., Olausson, B.A., Shyu, B.C., Nocifensive behaviors components evoked by brief laser pulses are mediated by C fibers (2009) Physiol Behav, 98, pp. 108-117; Fleetwood-Walker, S.M., Quinn, J.P., Blackburn-Munro, G., Kelly, B.G., Fiskerstrand, C.E., Nash, A.A., Dalziel, R.G., Behavioural changes in the rat following infection with varicella-zoster virus (1990) J Gen Virol, 80, pp. 2433-2436; Kuo, C.C., Chiou, R.J., Liang, K.C., Yen, C.T., Differential involvement of the anterior cingulate and primary sensorimotor cortices in sensory and affective functions of pain (2009) J Neurophysiol, 101, pp. 1201-1210; Le Bars, D., Gozaru, M., Cadden, S.W., Animal models of nociception (2001) Pharmacol Rev, 53, pp. 597-652; Plaghki, L., Delisle, D., Godfraind, J.M., Heterotopic nociceptive conditioning stimulation and mental task modulate differently the perception and physiological correlates of short CO 2 laser stimuli (1994) Pain, 57, pp. 181-192; Qiao, Z.M., Wang, J.Y., Han, J.S., Luo, F., Dynamic processing of nociception in cortical network in conscious rats: a laser-evoked field potential study (2008) Cell Mol Neurobiol, 28, pp. 671-687; Raut, A., Ratkam, A., Oxidative damage and sensitivity to nociceptive stimulus and opioids in aging rats (2009) Neurobiol Aging, 30, pp. 910-919; Scheouenborg, J., Kalliomaki, J., Functional organization of the nociceptive withdrawal reflexes (1990) Exp Brain Res, 83, pp. 67-78; Shaw, F.Z., Chen, R.F., Yen, C.T., Dynamic changes of touch- and laser-evoked field potentials of primary somatosensory cortex in awake and pentobarbital-anesthetized rats (2001) Brain Res, 911, pp. 105-115; Smith, M.A., French, A.M., Age-related differences in sensitivity to the antinociceptive effects of kappa opioids in adult male rats (2002) Psychopharmacology, 162, pp. 255-264; Svensson, P., Bjerring, P., Arendt-Nielsen, L., Nielsen, J.C., Comparison of four laser types for experimental pain stimulation on oral mucosa and hairy skin (1991) Lasers Surg Med, 11, pp. 313-324; Voegelin, M.R., Zoppi, M., Meucci, R., Jafrancesco, D., Bartoli, A., Factors influencing pricking pain threshold using a CO 2 laser (2003) Physiol Meas, 24, pp. 57-73; Weng, H.R., Scheouenborg, J., Cutaneous inhibitory receptive fields of withdrawal reflexes in the decerebrate spinal rat (1996) J Physiol, 493, pp. 253-265; Yen, C.T., Huang, C.H., Fu, S.E., Surface temperature change, cortical evoked potential and pain behavior elicited by CO 2 lasers (1994) Chin J Physiol, 37, pp. 193-199",
year = "2012",
doi = "10.1007/s00359-011-0686-x",
language = "English",
volume = "198",
pages = "79--83",
journal = "Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology",
issn = "0340-7594",
publisher = "Springer Verlag",
number = "1",
}