TY - JOUR
T1 - Kefir supplementation modifies gut microbiota composition, reduces physical fatigue, and improves exercise performance in mice
AU - Hsu, Yi Ju
AU - Huang, Wen Ching
AU - Lin, Jin Seng
AU - Chen, Yi Ming
AU - Ho, Shang Tse
AU - Huang, Chi Chang
AU - Tung, Yu Tang
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: This study was supported by SynbioTech Incorporation and the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (application type: academia–industry collaboration project). The grant number is MOST-106-2622-H-179-001-CC2.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2018/7/4
Y1 - 2018/7/4
N2 - The present study evaluated the potential beneficial effect of kefir (KF) against fatigue. Furthermore, the composition of the gut microbiota is related to health benefits in the host; therefore, the study also investigated the effect of KF on the gut microbiota composition. Male ICR mice from four groups (n = 8 per group) were orally administered KF once daily for four weeks at 0, 2.15, 4.31, and 10.76 g/kg/day and were designated as the vehicle, KF-1X, KF-2X, and KF-5X groups, respectively. The gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed a significant clustering of cecum after treatment in the vehicle, KF-1X, KF-2X, and KF-5X groups. The KF-2X and KF-5X groups showed a decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio compared with the vehicle group. In addition, anti-fatigue activity and exercise performance were evaluated on the basis of exhaustive swimming time, forelimb grip strength, and levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatine kinase (CK) after a swimming exercise. The exhaustive swimming time for the KF-1X, KF-2X, and KF-5X groups was significantly longer than that for the vehicle group, and the forelimb grip strength of the KF-1X, KF-2X, and KF-5X groups was also significantly higher than that of the vehicle group. KF supplementation also decreased serum lactate, ammonia, BUN, and CK levels after the swimming test. However, tissue glycogen content, an important energy source for exercise, increased significantly with KF supplementation. Thus, KF supplementation can alter the gut microbiota composition, improve performance, and combat physical fatigue.
AB - The present study evaluated the potential beneficial effect of kefir (KF) against fatigue. Furthermore, the composition of the gut microbiota is related to health benefits in the host; therefore, the study also investigated the effect of KF on the gut microbiota composition. Male ICR mice from four groups (n = 8 per group) were orally administered KF once daily for four weeks at 0, 2.15, 4.31, and 10.76 g/kg/day and were designated as the vehicle, KF-1X, KF-2X, and KF-5X groups, respectively. The gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed a significant clustering of cecum after treatment in the vehicle, KF-1X, KF-2X, and KF-5X groups. The KF-2X and KF-5X groups showed a decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio compared with the vehicle group. In addition, anti-fatigue activity and exercise performance were evaluated on the basis of exhaustive swimming time, forelimb grip strength, and levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatine kinase (CK) after a swimming exercise. The exhaustive swimming time for the KF-1X, KF-2X, and KF-5X groups was significantly longer than that for the vehicle group, and the forelimb grip strength of the KF-1X, KF-2X, and KF-5X groups was also significantly higher than that of the vehicle group. KF supplementation also decreased serum lactate, ammonia, BUN, and CK levels after the swimming test. However, tissue glycogen content, an important energy source for exercise, increased significantly with KF supplementation. Thus, KF supplementation can alter the gut microbiota composition, improve performance, and combat physical fatigue.
KW - Antifatigue
KW - Exercise performance
KW - Gut microbiota
KW - Kefir
KW - Gastrointestinal Microbiome
KW - Male
KW - Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
KW - Fatigue/metabolism
KW - Mice, Inbred ICR
KW - Kefir/microbiology
KW - Animals
KW - Muscle Contraction
KW - Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
KW - Energy Metabolism
KW - Time Factors
KW - Liver/metabolism
KW - Animal Feed/microbiology
KW - Exercise Tolerance
KW - Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology
KW - Biomarkers/blood
KW - Swimming
KW - Glycogen/metabolism
KW - Muscle Fatigue
KW - Disease Models, Animal
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U2 - 10.3390/nu10070862
DO - 10.3390/nu10070862
M3 - Article
C2 - 29973525
AN - SCOPUS:85049674036
SN - 2072-6643
VL - 10
JO - Nutrients
JF - Nutrients
IS - 7
M1 - 862
ER -