Intracranial germ cell tumors: A retrospective study of 44 children

This 16-year retrospective study review sought to determine the factors influencing prognosis and treatment results of all patients with primary intracranial germ cell tumors treated at our hospital who were younger than 17 years of age at the time of diagnosis. A total of 44 patients were treated during the study period, including 32 males and 12 females with a male:female ratio of 2.67:1. The median age at diagnosis was 12 years and 5 months of age (range = 2-16 years). The 44 intracranial germ cell tumors consisted of 27 pure germinomas (61.4%) and 17 nongerminomatous germ cell tumors, including 10 mixed germ cell tumors (22.7%), three yolk sac tumors (7.8%), two immature teratomas (4.5%), and two choriocarcinomas (4.5%). Univariate analysis of prognostic factors using Kaplan-Meier survival estimates revealed that only histologic tumor type was correlated with outcome (P < 0.005). The projected 5-year overall survival and event-free survival rate of patients with germinomas vs those with intracranial germ cell tumors were 92.6%, 92.6% vs 47.3%, and 42.1%, respectively. Our analysis suggests that radiation involving the spinal axis has limited usefulness in patients with intracranial germ cell tumor, although better results have been obtained for germinomas using radiotherapy in this study.