TY - JOUR
T1 - Inhibition of Nodal suppresses angiogenesis and growth of human gliomas
AU - Hueng, Dueng Yuan
AU - Lin, Gu Jiun
AU - Huang, Shing Hwa
AU - Liu, Li Wen
AU - Ju, Da Tong
AU - Chen, Yuan Wu
AU - Sytwu, Huey Kang
AU - Chang, Chen
AU - Huang, Shih Ming
AU - Yeh, Yi Shian
AU - Lee, Horng Mo
AU - Ma, Hsin I.
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments Shi-Yuan Cheng and Jia-Jean Yiin (University of Pittsburgh, Cancer Institute and Department of Pathology) provided us with invaluable suggestions in editing this manuscript. This study was supported by grants TSGH-C99-072, TSGH-C99-073, TSGH-C99-074, and TSGH-C99-149 (Dueng-Yuan Hueng) from the Tri-Service General Hospital; the grant B971113 from the Teh-Tzer Study Group for Human Medical Research Foundation, and in part by the Foundation for Advancement of Education, Sciences and Medicine, and grants DOH99-TD-B-111-003 and DOH99-TD-C-111-008 from Taiwan Department of Health for Taipei Medical University-the Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research in Neuroscience, and the Center of Excellence for Cancer Research. We thank the technical support from the Functional and Micro-Magnetic Resonance Imaging Center supported by the National Research Program for Genomic Medicine, National Science Council, NSC95-3112-B-001-009.
Funding Information:
puromycin. To obtain single cell-derived stable clones (U87MG/shNodal vs U87MG/pLKO.1 control and GBM8401/shNodal vs GBM8401/pLKO.1 control), serial dilution culture of cells was verified by immunoblot analysis. RNAi reagents were obtained from the National RNAi Core Facility located at the Institute of Molecular Biology/ Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, supported by the National Research Program for Genomic Medicine Grants of NSC (NSC94-3112-B-001-003 and NSC 94-3112-B-001-018-Y). For overexpression of Nodal, a vector control (pBabe) or the pBabe/Nodal plasmid was transfected into low endogenous Nodal-expressing GBM cells [20, 25, 26] and selected by G418-resistant clones to obtain stable clones of GBM/Nodal cells and GBM/pBabe vector control cells.
PY - 2011/8
Y1 - 2011/8
N2 - Angiogenesis is the hallmark of malignant gliomas positively correlated with the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. We previously reported that expression levels of Nodal, a member of transforming growth factor-β super family, correlate with the malignant invasive behavior of human glioma cells. In this study, we show that knockdown of Nodal suppresses glioma angiogenesis by inhibition of VEGF. In human primary glioma specimens, expression of Nodal positively correlates with WHO glioma tumor grades and expression of VEGF in the corresponding glioma specimens. In human U87MG glioma cells, knockdown of endogenous Nodal by RNA interference (RNAi) significantly decreases colony formation and secretion of VEGF. In vivo, cellular depletion of Nodal in U87MG inhibited brain glioma growth and prolonged the survival of mice with U87MG/shNodal glioma compared with controls. Inhibition of Nodal suppressed tumor vessel growth in U87MG gliomas. Using Nodal inhibitor (SB431542), silencing Nodal, or overexpressing Nodal in the U87MG, GBM8401, and GBM glioma cells, our further experiments revealed that Nodal-induced VEGF expression might, at least in part, mediate through the ERK1/2-HIF-1α- mediated signaling pathway. Taken together, our data revealed that alteration of Nodal expression in glioma cells resulted in changes to VEGF secretion, and subsequent colony formation, in vivo tumor growth, and angiogenesis, all of which are consistent with the regulation of VEGF through the ERK1/2-HIF-1α-mediated signaling, suggesting that Nodal may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of human gliomas.
AB - Angiogenesis is the hallmark of malignant gliomas positively correlated with the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. We previously reported that expression levels of Nodal, a member of transforming growth factor-β super family, correlate with the malignant invasive behavior of human glioma cells. In this study, we show that knockdown of Nodal suppresses glioma angiogenesis by inhibition of VEGF. In human primary glioma specimens, expression of Nodal positively correlates with WHO glioma tumor grades and expression of VEGF in the corresponding glioma specimens. In human U87MG glioma cells, knockdown of endogenous Nodal by RNA interference (RNAi) significantly decreases colony formation and secretion of VEGF. In vivo, cellular depletion of Nodal in U87MG inhibited brain glioma growth and prolonged the survival of mice with U87MG/shNodal glioma compared with controls. Inhibition of Nodal suppressed tumor vessel growth in U87MG gliomas. Using Nodal inhibitor (SB431542), silencing Nodal, or overexpressing Nodal in the U87MG, GBM8401, and GBM glioma cells, our further experiments revealed that Nodal-induced VEGF expression might, at least in part, mediate through the ERK1/2-HIF-1α- mediated signaling pathway. Taken together, our data revealed that alteration of Nodal expression in glioma cells resulted in changes to VEGF secretion, and subsequent colony formation, in vivo tumor growth, and angiogenesis, all of which are consistent with the regulation of VEGF through the ERK1/2-HIF-1α-mediated signaling, suggesting that Nodal may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of human gliomas.
KW - CD31
KW - ERK1/2
KW - HIF-1α
KW - Nodal
KW - RNA interference
KW - VEGF
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=80052742592&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=80052742592&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s11060-010-0467-3
DO - 10.1007/s11060-010-0467-3
M3 - Article
C2 - 21116837
AN - SCOPUS:80052742592
SN - 0167-594X
VL - 104
SP - 21
EP - 31
JO - Journal of Neuro-Oncology
JF - Journal of Neuro-Oncology
IS - 1
ER -
