Increased serum interleukin-17 and peripheral Th17 cells in children with acute Henoch-Schönlein purpura

Hsiao-Yu Jen; Ya-Hui Chuang; Sheng-Chieh Lin; Bor-Luen Chiang; Yao-Hsu Yang

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3038.2011.01198.x

Increased serum interleukin-17 and peripheral Th17 cells in children with acute Henoch-Schönlein purpura

Hsiao-Yu Jen
, Ya-Hui Chuang
, Sheng-Chieh Lin
, Bor-Luen Chiang
, Yao-Hsu Yang

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

46 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Background: Interleukin (IL)-17 and Th17 cells have been involved in many autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the involvement of IL-17 and Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of childhood Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP). Methods: Serum and supernatant levels of cytokines and chemokines were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Using intracellular staining, the frequency of peripheral Th17 and Th1 cells was studied by flow cytometry. Results: Children with acute HSP had significantly higher serum levels of IL-17, IL-6 and transforming growth factor-β than healthy controls. The IL-17 levels in culture supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with anti-CD3 and CD28 antibody stimulation were much higher in patients with HSP (281.2±91.4 vs. 47.7±22.6pg/ml, p=0.022). The patients also had more Th17 cells (1.67±0.36% vs. 0.71±0.15%, p=0.033) but not Th1 cells in peripheral blood. Moreover, IL-17 could promote human endothelial cells to produce chemoattractants IL-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1. Conclusion: The increased frequency of peripheral Th17 cells and serum IL-17 levels are shown in childhood HSP that may in part contribute to vascular inflammation, suggesting cellular immunity is likely to be involved in the process of HSP. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	862-868
Number of pages	7
Journal	Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
Volume	22
Issue number	8
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.2011.01198.x
Publication status	Published - 2011

Keywords

Childhood
Henoch-Schönlein purpura
Interleukin 17
Th17 cells
CD28 antigen
CD3 antigen
interleukin 17
interleukin 23
interleukin 6
interleukin 8
monocyte chemotactic protein 1
transforming growth factor beta
anaphylactoid purpura
article
blood level
cellular immunity
child
clinical article
controlled study
cytokine production
endothelium cell
enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
female
flow cytometry
human
human cell
inflammation
male
pathogenesis
peripheral blood mononuclear cell
priority journal
supernatant
Th1 cell
Th17 cell
Acute Disease
Adolescent
Cell Separation
Cells, Cultured
Chemokine CCL2
Child
Child, Preschool
Endothelial Cells
Female
Flow Cytometry
Gene Expression Regulation
Humans
Immunization
Interleukin-17
Interleukin-6
Male
Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch
Th1 Cells
Th17 Cells
Transforming Growth Factor beta

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10.1111/j.1399-3038.2011.01198.x

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Cite this

@article{ec833c493af7495fb6cc3877cc254f32,

title = "Increased serum interleukin-17 and peripheral Th17 cells in children with acute Henoch-Sch{\"o}nlein purpura",

abstract = "Background: Interleukin (IL)-17 and Th17 cells have been involved in many autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the involvement of IL-17 and Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of childhood Henoch-Sch{\"o}nlein purpura (HSP). Methods: Serum and supernatant levels of cytokines and chemokines were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Using intracellular staining, the frequency of peripheral Th17 and Th1 cells was studied by flow cytometry. Results: Children with acute HSP had significantly higher serum levels of IL-17, IL-6 and transforming growth factor-β than healthy controls. The IL-17 levels in culture supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with anti-CD3 and CD28 antibody stimulation were much higher in patients with HSP (281.2±91.4 vs. 47.7±22.6pg/ml, p=0.022). The patients also had more Th17 cells (1.67±0.36\% vs. 0.71±0.15\%, p=0.033) but not Th1 cells in peripheral blood. Moreover, IL-17 could promote human endothelial cells to produce chemoattractants IL-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1. Conclusion: The increased frequency of peripheral Th17 cells and serum IL-17 levels are shown in childhood HSP that may in part contribute to vascular inflammation, suggesting cellular immunity is likely to be involved in the process of HSP. {\textcopyright} 2011 John Wiley \& Sons A/S.",

keywords = "Childhood, Henoch-Sch{\"o}nlein purpura, Interleukin 17, Th17 cells, CD28 antigen, CD3 antigen, interleukin 17, interleukin 23, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, transforming growth factor beta, anaphylactoid purpura, article, blood level, cellular immunity, child, clinical article, controlled study, cytokine production, endothelium cell, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, female, flow cytometry, human, human cell, inflammation, male, pathogenesis, peripheral blood mononuclear cell, priority journal, supernatant, Th1 cell, Th17 cell, Acute Disease, Adolescent, Cell Separation, Cells, Cultured, Chemokine CCL2, Child, Child, Preschool, Endothelial Cells, Female, Flow Cytometry, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Immunization, Interleukin-17, Interleukin-6, Male, Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch, Th1 Cells, Th17 Cells, Transforming Growth Factor beta",

author = "Hsiao-Yu Jen and Ya-Hui Chuang and Sheng-Chieh Lin and Bor-Luen Chiang and Yao-Hsu Yang",

note = "被引用次數：12 Export Date: 7 April 2016 CODEN: PALUE 通訊地址: Jen, H.-Y.; Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan; 電子郵件： [email protected] 化學物質/CAS: interleukin 8, 114308-91-7; Chemokine CCL2; Interleukin-17; Interleukin-6; Transforming Growth Factor beta 參考文獻: Yang, Y.H., Hung, C.F., Hsu, C.R., A nationwide survey on epidemiological characteristics of childhood Henoch-Schonlein purpura in Taiwan (2005) Rheumatology (Oxford), 44, pp. 618-622; Gardner-Medwin, J.M., Dolezalova, P., Cummins, C., Southwood, T.R., Incidence of Henoch-Schonlein purpura, Kawasaki disease, and rare vasculitides in children of different ethnic origins (2002) Lancet, 360, pp. 1197-1202; Yang, Y.H., Chuang, Y.H., Wang, L.C., Huang, H.Y., Gershwin, M.E., Chiang, B.L., The immunobiology of Henoch-Schonlein purpura (2008) Autoimmun Rev, 7, pp. 179-184; Saulsbury, F.T., Henoch-Schonlein purpura in children. Report of 100 patients and review of the literature (1999) Medicine (Baltimore), 78, pp. 395-409; Yang, Y.H., Wang, S.J., Chuang, Y.H., Lin, Y.T., Chiang, B.L., The level of IgA antibodies to human umbilical vein endothelial cells can be enhanced by TNF-alpha treatment in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura (2002) Clin Exp Immunol, 130, pp. 352-357; Besbas, N., Saatci, U., Ruacan, S., The role of cytokines in Henoch Schonlein purpura (1997) Scand J Rheumatol, 26, pp. 456-460; Lin, C.Y., Yang, Y.H., Lee, C.C., Huang, C.L., Wang, L.C., Chiang, B.L., Thrombopoietin and interleukin-6 levels in Henoch-Schonlein purpura (2006) J Microbiol Immunol Infect, 39, pp. 476-482; Yang, Y.H., Huang, Y.H., Lin, Y.L., Circulating IgA from acute stage of childhood Henoch-Schonlein purpura can enhance endothelial interleukin (IL)-8 production through MEK/ERK signalling pathway (2006) Clin Exp Immunol, 144, pp. 247-253; Onishi, R.M., Gaffen, S.L., Interleukin-17 and its target genes: mechanisms of interleukin-17 function in disease (2010) Immunology, 129, pp. 311-321; Gaffen, S.L., The role of interleukin-17 in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (2009) Curr Rheumatol Rep, 11, pp. 365-370; Nalbandian, A., Crispin, J.C., Tsokos, G.C., Interleukin-17 and systemic lupus erythematosus: current concepts (2009) Clin Exp Immunol, 157, pp. 209-215; Graber, J.J., Allie, S.R., Mullen, K.M., Interleukin-17 in transverse myelitis and multiple sclerosis (2008) J Neuroimmunol, 196, pp. 124-132; Fujino, S., Andoh, A., Bamba, S., Increased expression of interleukin 17 in inflammatory bowel disease (2003) Gut, 52, pp. 65-70; Ouyang, W., Kolls, J.K., Zheng, Y., The biological functions of T helper 17 cell effector cytokines in inflammation (2008) Immunity, 28, pp. 454-467; Bettelli, E., Korn, T., Kuchroo, V.K., Th17: the third member of the effector T cell trilogy (2007) Curr Opin Immunol, 19, pp. 652-657; Oukka, M., Th17 cells in immunity and autoimmunity (2008) Ann Rheum Dis, 67 (SUPPL. 3), pp. iii26-iii29; Yang, Y.H., Huang, M.T., Lin, S.C., Lin, Y.T., Tsai, M.J., Chiang, B.L., Increased transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-secreting T cells and IgA anti-cardiolipin antibody levels during acute stage of childhood Henoch-Schonlein purpura (2000) Clin Exp Immunol, 122, pp. 285-290; Yang, Y.H., Lai, H.J., Kao, C.K., Lin, Y.T., Chiang, B.L., The association between transforming growth factor-beta gene promoter C-509T polymorphism and Chinese children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura (2004) Pediatr Nephrol, 19, pp. 972-975; Ozen, S., Pistorio, A., Iusan, S.M., EULAR/PRINTO/PRES criteria for Henoch-Schonlein purpura, childhood polyarteritis nodosa, childhood Wegener granulomatosis and childhood Takayasu arteritis: Ankara 2008. Part II: Final classification criteria (2010) Ann Rheum Dis, 69, pp. 798-806; Novak, J., Moldoveanu, Z., Renfrow, M.B., IgA nephropathy and Henoch-Schoenlein purpura nephritis: aberrant glycosylation of IgA1, formation of IgA1-containing immune complexes, and activation of mesangial cells (2007) Contrib Nephrol, 157, pp. 134-138; Riddell, S.R., Greenberg, P.D., The use of anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies to clone and expand human antigen-specific T cells (1990) J Immunol Methods, 128, pp. 189-201; Rasmussen, T.K., Andersen, T., Hvid, M., Increased interleukin 21 (IL-21) and IL-23 are associated with increased disease activity and with radiographic status in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (2010) J Rheumatol, 37, pp. 2014-2020; Renno, T., Krakowski, M., Piccirillo, C., Lin, J.Y., Owens, T., TNF-alpha expression by resident microglia and infiltrating leukocytes in the central nervous system of mice with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Regulation by Th1 cytokines (1995) J Immunol, 154, pp. 944-953; Pettinelli, C.B., McFarlin, D.E., Adoptive transfer of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in SJL/J mice after in vitro activation of lymph node cells by myelin basic protein: requirement for Lyt 1+ 2- T lymphocytes (1981) J Immunol, 127, pp. 1420-1423; Damsker, J.M., Hansen, A.M., Caspi, R.R., Th1 and Th17 cells: adversaries and collaborators (2010) Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1183, pp. 211-221; Cines, D.B., Pollak, E.S., Buck, C.A., Endothelial cells in physiology and in the pathophysiology of vascular disorders (1998) Blood, 91, pp. 3527-3561; Roussel, L., Houle, F., Chan, C., IL-17 promotes p38 MAPK-dependent endothelial activation enhancing neutrophil recruitment to sites of inflammation (2010) J Immunol, 184, pp. 4531-4537; Silva, A.R., De Assis, E.F., Caiado, L.F., Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and 5-lipoxygenase products recruit leukocytes in response to platelet-activating factor-like lipids in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (2002) J Immunol, 168, pp. 4112-4120; Reichel, C.A., Rehberg, M., Lerchenberger, M., Ccl2 and Ccl3 mediate neutrophil recruitment via induction of protein synthesis and generation of lipid mediators (2009) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 29, pp. 1787-1793; Yadav, A., Saini, V., Arora, S., MCP-1: chemoattractant with a role beyond immunity: a review (2010) Clin Chim Acta, 411, pp. 1570-1579",

year = "2011",

doi = "10.1111/j.1399-3038.2011.01198.x",

language = "English",

volume = "22",

pages = "862--868",

journal = "Pediatric Allergy and Immunology",

issn = "0905-6157",

publisher = "Blackwell Munksgaard",

number = "8",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Increased serum interleukin-17 and peripheral Th17 cells in children with acute Henoch-Schönlein purpura

AU - Jen, Hsiao-Yu

AU - Chuang, Ya-Hui

AU - Lin, Sheng-Chieh

AU - Chiang, Bor-Luen

AU - Yang, Yao-Hsu

N1 - 被引用次數：12 Export Date: 7 April 2016 CODEN: PALUE 通訊地址: Jen, H.-Y.; Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan; 電子郵件： [email protected] 化學物質/CAS: interleukin 8, 114308-91-7; Chemokine CCL2; Interleukin-17; Interleukin-6; Transforming Growth Factor beta 參考文獻: Yang, Y.H., Hung, C.F., Hsu, C.R., A nationwide survey on epidemiological characteristics of childhood Henoch-Schonlein purpura in Taiwan (2005) Rheumatology (Oxford), 44, pp. 618-622; Gardner-Medwin, J.M., Dolezalova, P., Cummins, C., Southwood, T.R., Incidence of Henoch-Schonlein purpura, Kawasaki disease, and rare vasculitides in children of different ethnic origins (2002) Lancet, 360, pp. 1197-1202; Yang, Y.H., Chuang, Y.H., Wang, L.C., Huang, H.Y., Gershwin, M.E., Chiang, B.L., The immunobiology of Henoch-Schonlein purpura (2008) Autoimmun Rev, 7, pp. 179-184; Saulsbury, F.T., Henoch-Schonlein purpura in children. Report of 100 patients and review of the literature (1999) Medicine (Baltimore), 78, pp. 395-409; Yang, Y.H., Wang, S.J., Chuang, Y.H., Lin, Y.T., Chiang, B.L., The level of IgA antibodies to human umbilical vein endothelial cells can be enhanced by TNF-alpha treatment in children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura (2002) Clin Exp Immunol, 130, pp. 352-357; Besbas, N., Saatci, U., Ruacan, S., The role of cytokines in Henoch Schonlein purpura (1997) Scand J Rheumatol, 26, pp. 456-460; Lin, C.Y., Yang, Y.H., Lee, C.C., Huang, C.L., Wang, L.C., Chiang, B.L., Thrombopoietin and interleukin-6 levels in Henoch-Schonlein purpura (2006) J Microbiol Immunol Infect, 39, pp. 476-482; Yang, Y.H., Huang, Y.H., Lin, Y.L., Circulating IgA from acute stage of childhood Henoch-Schonlein purpura can enhance endothelial interleukin (IL)-8 production through MEK/ERK signalling pathway (2006) Clin Exp Immunol, 144, pp. 247-253; Onishi, R.M., Gaffen, S.L., Interleukin-17 and its target genes: mechanisms of interleukin-17 function in disease (2010) Immunology, 129, pp. 311-321; Gaffen, S.L., The role of interleukin-17 in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (2009) Curr Rheumatol Rep, 11, pp. 365-370; Nalbandian, A., Crispin, J.C., Tsokos, G.C., Interleukin-17 and systemic lupus erythematosus: current concepts (2009) Clin Exp Immunol, 157, pp. 209-215; Graber, J.J., Allie, S.R., Mullen, K.M., Interleukin-17 in transverse myelitis and multiple sclerosis (2008) J Neuroimmunol, 196, pp. 124-132; Fujino, S., Andoh, A., Bamba, S., Increased expression of interleukin 17 in inflammatory bowel disease (2003) Gut, 52, pp. 65-70; Ouyang, W., Kolls, J.K., Zheng, Y., The biological functions of T helper 17 cell effector cytokines in inflammation (2008) Immunity, 28, pp. 454-467; Bettelli, E., Korn, T., Kuchroo, V.K., Th17: the third member of the effector T cell trilogy (2007) Curr Opin Immunol, 19, pp. 652-657; Oukka, M., Th17 cells in immunity and autoimmunity (2008) Ann Rheum Dis, 67 (SUPPL. 3), pp. iii26-iii29; Yang, Y.H., Huang, M.T., Lin, S.C., Lin, Y.T., Tsai, M.J., Chiang, B.L., Increased transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-secreting T cells and IgA anti-cardiolipin antibody levels during acute stage of childhood Henoch-Schonlein purpura (2000) Clin Exp Immunol, 122, pp. 285-290; Yang, Y.H., Lai, H.J., Kao, C.K., Lin, Y.T., Chiang, B.L., The association between transforming growth factor-beta gene promoter C-509T polymorphism and Chinese children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura (2004) Pediatr Nephrol, 19, pp. 972-975; Ozen, S., Pistorio, A., Iusan, S.M., EULAR/PRINTO/PRES criteria for Henoch-Schonlein purpura, childhood polyarteritis nodosa, childhood Wegener granulomatosis and childhood Takayasu arteritis: Ankara 2008. Part II: Final classification criteria (2010) Ann Rheum Dis, 69, pp. 798-806; Novak, J., Moldoveanu, Z., Renfrow, M.B., IgA nephropathy and Henoch-Schoenlein purpura nephritis: aberrant glycosylation of IgA1, formation of IgA1-containing immune complexes, and activation of mesangial cells (2007) Contrib Nephrol, 157, pp. 134-138; Riddell, S.R., Greenberg, P.D., The use of anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies to clone and expand human antigen-specific T cells (1990) J Immunol Methods, 128, pp. 189-201; Rasmussen, T.K., Andersen, T., Hvid, M., Increased interleukin 21 (IL-21) and IL-23 are associated with increased disease activity and with radiographic status in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (2010) J Rheumatol, 37, pp. 2014-2020; Renno, T., Krakowski, M., Piccirillo, C., Lin, J.Y., Owens, T., TNF-alpha expression by resident microglia and infiltrating leukocytes in the central nervous system of mice with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Regulation by Th1 cytokines (1995) J Immunol, 154, pp. 944-953; Pettinelli, C.B., McFarlin, D.E., Adoptive transfer of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in SJL/J mice after in vitro activation of lymph node cells by myelin basic protein: requirement for Lyt 1+ 2- T lymphocytes (1981) J Immunol, 127, pp. 1420-1423; Damsker, J.M., Hansen, A.M., Caspi, R.R., Th1 and Th17 cells: adversaries and collaborators (2010) Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1183, pp. 211-221; Cines, D.B., Pollak, E.S., Buck, C.A., Endothelial cells in physiology and in the pathophysiology of vascular disorders (1998) Blood, 91, pp. 3527-3561; Roussel, L., Houle, F., Chan, C., IL-17 promotes p38 MAPK-dependent endothelial activation enhancing neutrophil recruitment to sites of inflammation (2010) J Immunol, 184, pp. 4531-4537; Silva, A.R., De Assis, E.F., Caiado, L.F., Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and 5-lipoxygenase products recruit leukocytes in response to platelet-activating factor-like lipids in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (2002) J Immunol, 168, pp. 4112-4120; Reichel, C.A., Rehberg, M., Lerchenberger, M., Ccl2 and Ccl3 mediate neutrophil recruitment via induction of protein synthesis and generation of lipid mediators (2009) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 29, pp. 1787-1793; Yadav, A., Saini, V., Arora, S., MCP-1: chemoattractant with a role beyond immunity: a review (2010) Clin Chim Acta, 411, pp. 1570-1579

PY - 2011

Y1 - 2011

N2 - Background: Interleukin (IL)-17 and Th17 cells have been involved in many autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the involvement of IL-17 and Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of childhood Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP). Methods: Serum and supernatant levels of cytokines and chemokines were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Using intracellular staining, the frequency of peripheral Th17 and Th1 cells was studied by flow cytometry. Results: Children with acute HSP had significantly higher serum levels of IL-17, IL-6 and transforming growth factor-β than healthy controls. The IL-17 levels in culture supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with anti-CD3 and CD28 antibody stimulation were much higher in patients with HSP (281.2±91.4 vs. 47.7±22.6pg/ml, p=0.022). The patients also had more Th17 cells (1.67±0.36% vs. 0.71±0.15%, p=0.033) but not Th1 cells in peripheral blood. Moreover, IL-17 could promote human endothelial cells to produce chemoattractants IL-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1. Conclusion: The increased frequency of peripheral Th17 cells and serum IL-17 levels are shown in childhood HSP that may in part contribute to vascular inflammation, suggesting cellular immunity is likely to be involved in the process of HSP. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

AB - Background: Interleukin (IL)-17 and Th17 cells have been involved in many autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the involvement of IL-17 and Th17 cells in the pathogenesis of childhood Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP). Methods: Serum and supernatant levels of cytokines and chemokines were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Using intracellular staining, the frequency of peripheral Th17 and Th1 cells was studied by flow cytometry. Results: Children with acute HSP had significantly higher serum levels of IL-17, IL-6 and transforming growth factor-β than healthy controls. The IL-17 levels in culture supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with anti-CD3 and CD28 antibody stimulation were much higher in patients with HSP (281.2±91.4 vs. 47.7±22.6pg/ml, p=0.022). The patients also had more Th17 cells (1.67±0.36% vs. 0.71±0.15%, p=0.033) but not Th1 cells in peripheral blood. Moreover, IL-17 could promote human endothelial cells to produce chemoattractants IL-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1. Conclusion: The increased frequency of peripheral Th17 cells and serum IL-17 levels are shown in childhood HSP that may in part contribute to vascular inflammation, suggesting cellular immunity is likely to be involved in the process of HSP. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

KW - Childhood

KW - Henoch-Schönlein purpura

KW - Interleukin 17

KW - Th17 cells

KW - CD28 antigen

KW - CD3 antigen

KW - interleukin 17

KW - interleukin 23

KW - interleukin 6

KW - interleukin 8

KW - monocyte chemotactic protein 1

KW - transforming growth factor beta

KW - anaphylactoid purpura

KW - article

KW - blood level

KW - cellular immunity

KW - child

KW - clinical article

KW - controlled study

KW - cytokine production

KW - endothelium cell

KW - enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

KW - female

KW - flow cytometry

KW - human

KW - human cell

KW - inflammation

KW - male

KW - pathogenesis

KW - peripheral blood mononuclear cell

KW - priority journal

KW - supernatant

KW - Th1 cell

KW - Th17 cell

KW - Acute Disease

KW - Adolescent

KW - Cell Separation

KW - Cells, Cultured

KW - Chemokine CCL2

KW - Child

KW - Child, Preschool

KW - Endothelial Cells

KW - Female

KW - Flow Cytometry

KW - Gene Expression Regulation

KW - Humans

KW - Immunization

KW - Interleukin-17

KW - Interleukin-6

KW - Male

KW - Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch

KW - Th1 Cells

KW - Th17 Cells

KW - Transforming Growth Factor beta

U2 - 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2011.01198.x

DO - 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2011.01198.x

M3 - Article

SN - 0905-6157

VL - 22

SP - 862

EP - 868

JO - Pediatric Allergy and Immunology

JF - Pediatric Allergy and Immunology

IS - 8

ER -

Increased serum interleukin-17 and peripheral Th17 cells in children with acute Henoch-Schönlein purpura

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Keywords

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