TY - JOUR
T1 - In older women, a high-protein diet including animal-sourced foods did not impact serum levels and urinary excretion of trimethylamine-N-oxide
AU - Dahl, Wendy J.
AU - Hung, Wei Lun
AU - Ford, Amanda L.
AU - Suh, Joon Hyuk
AU - Auger, Jerémié
AU - Nagulesapillai, Varuni
AU - Wang, Yu
N1 - Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/6
Y1 - 2020/6
N2 - Diets including red meat and other animal-sourced foods may increase proteolytic fermentation and microbial-generated trimethylamine (TMA) and, subsequently, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and dementia. It was hypothesized that compared to usual dietary intake, a maintenance-energy high-protein diet (HPD) would increase products of proteolytic fermentation, whereas adjunctive prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplementation may mitigate these effects. An exploratory aim was to determine the association of the relative abundance of the TMA-generating taxon, Emergencia timonensis, with serum and urinary TMAO. At 5 time points (usual dietary intake, HPD diet, HPD + prebiotic, HPD + probiotic, and HPD + synbiotic), urinary (24-hour) and serum metabolites and fecal microbiota profile of healthy older women (n = 20) were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing analyses, respectively. The HPD induced increases in serum levels of L-carnitine, indoxyl sulfate, and phenylacetylglutamine but not TMAO or p-cresyl sulfate. Urinary excretion of L-carnitine, indoxyl sulfate, phenylacetylglutamine, and TMA increased with the HPD but not TMAO or p-cresyl sulfate. Most participants had undetectable levels of E. timonensis at baseline and only 50% during the HPD interventions, suggesting other taxa are responsible for the microbial generation of TMA in these individuals. An HPD diet with or without a prebiotic, probiotic, or synbiotic elicited an increase in products of proteolytic fermentation. The urinary L-carnitine response suggests that the additional dietary L-carnitine provided was primarily bioavailable, providing little substrate for microbial conversion to TMA and subsequent TMAO formation.
AB - Diets including red meat and other animal-sourced foods may increase proteolytic fermentation and microbial-generated trimethylamine (TMA) and, subsequently, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and dementia. It was hypothesized that compared to usual dietary intake, a maintenance-energy high-protein diet (HPD) would increase products of proteolytic fermentation, whereas adjunctive prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplementation may mitigate these effects. An exploratory aim was to determine the association of the relative abundance of the TMA-generating taxon, Emergencia timonensis, with serum and urinary TMAO. At 5 time points (usual dietary intake, HPD diet, HPD + prebiotic, HPD + probiotic, and HPD + synbiotic), urinary (24-hour) and serum metabolites and fecal microbiota profile of healthy older women (n = 20) were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing analyses, respectively. The HPD induced increases in serum levels of L-carnitine, indoxyl sulfate, and phenylacetylglutamine but not TMAO or p-cresyl sulfate. Urinary excretion of L-carnitine, indoxyl sulfate, phenylacetylglutamine, and TMA increased with the HPD but not TMAO or p-cresyl sulfate. Most participants had undetectable levels of E. timonensis at baseline and only 50% during the HPD interventions, suggesting other taxa are responsible for the microbial generation of TMA in these individuals. An HPD diet with or without a prebiotic, probiotic, or synbiotic elicited an increase in products of proteolytic fermentation. The urinary L-carnitine response suggests that the additional dietary L-carnitine provided was primarily bioavailable, providing little substrate for microbial conversion to TMA and subsequent TMAO formation.
KW - Emergencia timonensi
KW - High-protein diet
KW - L-Carnitine
KW - Older adult
KW - Phenylacetylglutamine
KW - Trimethylamine
KW - Trimethylamine-N-oxide
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85086393207&partnerID=8YFLogxK
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U2 - 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.05.004
DO - 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.05.004
M3 - Article
C2 - 32544852
AN - SCOPUS:85086393207
SN - 0271-5317
VL - 78
SP - 72
EP - 81
JO - Nutrition Research
JF - Nutrition Research
ER -