Imaging serotonin transporters with i-adam brain spect in healthy non-human primates

Background: Serotonin transporters (SERTs) play a major role in modulating serotonergic neuronal function and are the target of many antidepressant drugs used in neuro-psychiatric disorders. To gain more information on the temporal distribution of SERTs, 2-([2-([dimethylamino]methyl)phenoxyl]thio)-5-[ ¹²³I] iodophenylamine (¹²³I-ADAM) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was utilized in an in vivo imaging study using non-human primates. Methods: Two female monkeys (Macaca cyclopis) were studied. Eight brain SPECT imaging examinations, each 30 min in duration, were obtained after injection of 185 MBq of ¹²³I-ADAM. Images were obtained using a dual-head gamma camera equipped with ultra-high resolution fan-beam collimators. In addition to visual inspection, the radio-uptake and specific uptake ratios (SURs) of midbrain (MB), thalamus (TH), striatum (ST), temporal and frontal cortices and the whole brain in reference to the corresponding magnetic resonance image at the eight time points were measured. The SUR of MB, using cerebellum (CB) as the reference tissue, was calculated as (MB - CB)/CB, in mean counts/pixel. The SURs of the other brain regions were similarly measured. Results: There was relatively high uptake of ¹²³I-ADAM in the MB and TH, moderate uptake in ST, lower uptake in the cerebral cortex, and almost no uptake in the CB. The image of MB could be easily identified at the first 30 min time point. It appeared that the SURs of MB, TH and ST reached equilibrium around 210 min after injection. No adverse reactions of the primates were found during and after imaging. Brain distribution of ¹²³I-ADAM in the primate appeared consistent with the known distribution of SERTs. Conclusion: In conjunction with a high SUR in MB, TH and ST, we speculate that ¹²³I-ADAM may be a potential radioligand for SPECT studies of serotonin transporters in humans.