TY - JOUR
T1 - Hydrolysable tannins exhibit acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and anti-glycation activities in vitro and learning and memory function improvements in scopolamine-induced amnesiac mice
AU - Chen, Lih Geeng
AU - Lin, Shyr Yi
AU - Lee, Yi Shan
AU - Wang, Ching Chiung
AU - Hou, Wen Chi
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments: The authors would like to express thanks to Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, ROC (106AS-19.5.1-ST-a6, 107AS-15.4.3-ST-a3) and the Jin-lung-yuan Foundation (2021 to 2022) for financial supports.
Funding Information:
The authors would like to express thanks to Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, ROC (106AS-19.5.1-ST-a6, 107AS-15.4.3-ST-a3) and the Jinlungyuan Foundation (2021 to 2022) for financial supports.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/8
Y1 - 2021/8
N2 - Agricultural waste from the hulls of water caltrop (Trapa taiwanesis Nakai, TT-hull) was extracted by either steeping them in cold 95% ethanol (C95E), refluxing 95E, refluxing 50E, or refluxing hot water (HW) to obtain C95EE, 95EE, 50EE, and HWE, respectively. These four extracts showed acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities and free radical scavenging activities, as well as anti-non-enzymatic protein glycation in vitro. Eight compounds were isolated from TT-hull-50EE and were used to plot the chromatographic fingerprints of the TT-hull extracts, among which tellimagrandin-I, tellimagrandin-II, and 1,2,3,6-tetra-galloylglucose showed the strongest AChE inhibitory activities, and they also exhibited anti-amyloid β peptide aggregations. The scopolamine-induced amnesiac ICR mice that were fed with TT-hull-50EE or TT-hull-HWE (100 and 200 mg/kg) or tellimagrandin-II (100 and 200 mg/kg) showed improved learning behavior when evaluated using passive avoidance or water maze evaluation, and they showed significant differences (p < 0.05) compared to those in the control group. The enriched hydrolysable tannins of the recycled TT-hull may be developed as functional foods for the treatment of degenerative disorders.
AB - Agricultural waste from the hulls of water caltrop (Trapa taiwanesis Nakai, TT-hull) was extracted by either steeping them in cold 95% ethanol (C95E), refluxing 95E, refluxing 50E, or refluxing hot water (HW) to obtain C95EE, 95EE, 50EE, and HWE, respectively. These four extracts showed acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities and free radical scavenging activities, as well as anti-non-enzymatic protein glycation in vitro. Eight compounds were isolated from TT-hull-50EE and were used to plot the chromatographic fingerprints of the TT-hull extracts, among which tellimagrandin-I, tellimagrandin-II, and 1,2,3,6-tetra-galloylglucose showed the strongest AChE inhibitory activities, and they also exhibited anti-amyloid β peptide aggregations. The scopolamine-induced amnesiac ICR mice that were fed with TT-hull-50EE or TT-hull-HWE (100 and 200 mg/kg) or tellimagrandin-II (100 and 200 mg/kg) showed improved learning behavior when evaluated using passive avoidance or water maze evaluation, and they showed significant differences (p < 0.05) compared to those in the control group. The enriched hydrolysable tannins of the recycled TT-hull may be developed as functional foods for the treatment of degenerative disorders.
KW - Acetylcholinesterase
KW - Passive avoidance
KW - Scopolamine
KW - Water caltrop hulls
KW - Water maze
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U2 - 10.3390/biomedicines9081066
DO - 10.3390/biomedicines9081066
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85113619514
SN - 2227-9059
VL - 9
JO - Biomedicines
JF - Biomedicines
IS - 8
M1 - 1066
ER -