Grey matter density and GABA_A binding potential show a positive linear relationship across cortical regions

Voxel based morphometry (VBM) is a widely used technique for studying the structure of the brain. Direct comparisons between the results obtained using VBM and the underlying histology are limited, however. To circumvent the problems inherent in comparing VBM data in vivo with tissue samples that must generally be obtained post-mortem, we chose to consider GABA_A receptors, measured using ¹⁸F-flumazenil PET (18F-FMZ-PET), as non-invasive neural markers to be compared with VBM data. Consistent with previous cortical thickness findings, GABA_A receptor binding potential (BP_ND) was found to correlate positively across regions with grey matter (GM) density. These findings confirm that there is a general positive relationship between MRI-based GM density measures and GABA_A receptor BP_ND on a region-by-region basis (i.e., regions with more GM tend to also have higher BP_ND).