Grating lobe-free beam steering through optical phase array using phase-compensated two index-mismatched silicon wires-based emitters

The beam formation can be treated as the diffraction pattern. A 1-D light detection and ranging beam steering could be derived through a phase shifter array using Rayleigh-Sommerfeld Diffraction, which is then utilized to demonstrate grating lobe-free beam steering from the optical phase array emitter with half-wavelength pitches. The half-wavelength pitch cannot demonstrate beam formation without any evanescent coupling blocking between emitters. Here, two index-mismatched silicon wires in the emitter array are proposed by the optical phase compensation through waveguide width adjustment, to avoid the complex and addressable thermal control on the phase shifters. Moreover, the same output optical waveguide mode needs to be further considered to demonstrate the grating lobe-free beam steering. In order to get the adiabatic connection between two different pitches between the phase shifter and emitter, an optical path equalization will also be applied.