TY - JOUR
T1 - Genotoxicity of 1,3-dithiane and 1,4-dithiane in the CHO/SCE assay and the Salmonella/microsomal test
AU - Lee, Huei
AU - Shuh Shyuan Bian, Shyuan Bian
AU - Yi Ling Chen, Ling Chen
PY - 1994/6
Y1 - 1994/6
N2 - 1,3-Dithiane and 1,4-dithiane are the sulfur-containing Maillard reaction products (MRPs) which have been found in boiled beef extracts. In this study the genotoxicity of these products was examined using the Salmonella/microsomal test and the CHO/SCE assay. 1,3-Dithiane showed a potent direct-acting mutagenicity toward S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100, but 1,4-dithiane had a lower mutagenicity toward both tester strains. Both compounds were shown to be non-mutagenic with hepatic metabolic activation with the exception of 1,3-dithiane toward strain TA100. To compare the mutagenic potential of 1,3-dithiane and 1,4-dithiane with other types of MRPs, 24 MRPs were examined for their mutagenicity to S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 in the presence or absence of S9 mix. 2,6-Dimethylpyrazine, furan, 2-acetylpyrrole, and thiazole were shown to be mutagenic. However, these four MRPs exhibited a lower mutagenicity in TA98 than 1,3-dithiane and 1,4-dithiane. Furthermore, SCE frequencies in CHO cells were very significantly induced by 1,3-dithiane in the absence of S9 mix, but the SCE-inducing capability of 1,3-dithiane was reduced or even disappeared with metabolic activation. 1,4-Dithiane did not significantly induce SCE frequencies in the presence or absence of S9 mix. Thus, we concluded that 1,3-dithiane was a potent mutagenic MRP in the Salmonella/microsomal test, whereas it was a weak SCE inducer in the CHO/SCE assay.
AB - 1,3-Dithiane and 1,4-dithiane are the sulfur-containing Maillard reaction products (MRPs) which have been found in boiled beef extracts. In this study the genotoxicity of these products was examined using the Salmonella/microsomal test and the CHO/SCE assay. 1,3-Dithiane showed a potent direct-acting mutagenicity toward S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100, but 1,4-dithiane had a lower mutagenicity toward both tester strains. Both compounds were shown to be non-mutagenic with hepatic metabolic activation with the exception of 1,3-dithiane toward strain TA100. To compare the mutagenic potential of 1,3-dithiane and 1,4-dithiane with other types of MRPs, 24 MRPs were examined for their mutagenicity to S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 in the presence or absence of S9 mix. 2,6-Dimethylpyrazine, furan, 2-acetylpyrrole, and thiazole were shown to be mutagenic. However, these four MRPs exhibited a lower mutagenicity in TA98 than 1,3-dithiane and 1,4-dithiane. Furthermore, SCE frequencies in CHO cells were very significantly induced by 1,3-dithiane in the absence of S9 mix, but the SCE-inducing capability of 1,3-dithiane was reduced or even disappeared with metabolic activation. 1,4-Dithiane did not significantly induce SCE frequencies in the presence or absence of S9 mix. Thus, we concluded that 1,3-dithiane was a potent mutagenic MRP in the Salmonella/microsomal test, whereas it was a weak SCE inducer in the CHO/SCE assay.
KW - 1,3-Dithiane
KW - 1,4-Dithiane
KW - CHO/SCE assay
KW - Maillard reaction products
KW - Salmonella/microsomal test
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0028002187&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0028002187&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/0165-1218(94)90072-8
DO - 10.1016/0165-1218(94)90072-8
M3 - Article
C2 - 7515159
AN - SCOPUS:0028002187
SN - 0165-1218
VL - 321
SP - 213
EP - 218
JO - Mutation Research - Genetic Toxicology Testing and Biomonitoring of Environmental or Occupational Exposure
JF - Mutation Research - Genetic Toxicology Testing and Biomonitoring of Environmental or Occupational Exposure
IS - 4
ER -