Genotoxicity and 28-day repeated dose oral toxicity study of garlic essential oil in mice

Yu En Lin, Meng Hsuan Lin, Ti Yen Yeh, Yi Syuan Lai, Kuan Hung Lu, Huai Syuan Huang, Fu Chuo Peng, Shing Hwa Liu, Lee Yan Sheen

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

10 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Background and aim: Garlic essential oil (GEO) isolated from Garlic (Allium sativum L.) exerts biological activities in disease prevention, particularly in metabolic and liver diseases, and is used for a dietary therapy for centuries. However, due to the side effects associated with the excessive consumption of GEO, there is a need to evaluate the safety of the GEO. Experimental procedure: Ames test using five Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535, and TA1537) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO–K1) cells with or without metabolic activation (S9 system), and mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test were used to assess the genotoxicity and clastogenic effects of GEO. A repeated dose of GEO (15, 25, and 50 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) were administrated to ICR mice for 28 days to ascertain the subacute toxicity of GEO. Results and conclusions: The results of the Ames test with or without S9 system indicated that GEO did not induce mutagenicity nor have clastogenic effects in CHO–K1 cells with or without S9 activation. Furthermore, GEO did not affect the ratio of immature to total erythrocytes or the number of micronuclei in immature erythrocytes of ICR mice after 24 and 48 h. In a 28-day oral toxicity assessment, GEO (15, 25, and 50 mg/kg body weight, p.o.)-fed ICR mice exhibited normal behaviors, mortality, body weight, daily intake, hematology, clinical biochemistry, and organ weight. GEO shows no genotoxicity, and the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for GEO is considered to be greater than 50 mg/kg bw/day orally for 28 days in mice.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)536-544
Number of pages9
JournalJournal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine
Volume12
Issue number6
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Nov 2022
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Allium sativum L.
  • Garlic essential oil
  • Genotoxicity
  • NOAEL
  • Safety evaluation
  • Subacute toxicity

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Complementary and alternative medicine

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