TY - JOUR
T1 - Environmental tobacco smoke and arsenic methylation capacity are associated with urothelial carcinoma
AU - Wu, Chia Chang
AU - Chen, Mei Chieh
AU - Huang, Yung Kai
AU - Huang, Chao Yuan
AU - Lai, Li An
AU - Chung, Chi Jung
AU - Shiue, Horng Sheng
AU - Pu, Yeong Shiau
AU - Lin, Ying-Chin
AU - Han, Bor Cheng
AU - Wang, Yuan Hung
AU - Hsueh, Yu Mei
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by grants from the National Science Council of the ROC [NSC;. 86-2314-B-038-038, NSC 87-2314-B-038-029, NSC-88-2314-B-038-112, NSC-89-2314-B038-049, SC-89-2320-B038-013, NSC-90-2320-B-038-021, NSC-91-3112-B-038-0019, NSC-92-3112-B-038-001, NSC-93-3112-B-038-001, NSC-94-2314-B-038-023, NSC-95-2314-B-038-007, NSC-96-2314-B038-003, NSC-97-2314-B-038-015-MY3 (1-3), NSC-97-2314-B-038-015-MY3 (2-3), NSC-97-2314-B-038-015-MY3 (3-3), NSC 100-2314-B-038 -026, and NSC 101-2314-B-038 -051-MY3 (1-3)].
PY - 2013/9
Y1 - 2013/9
N2 - Background/Purpose: Cigarette smoking, exposure to secondhand smoke, and arsenic exposure are well known risk factors for developing urothelial carcinoma (UC). We investigated the combined effects of cigarette smoking, exposure to secondhand smoke, and the presence of urinary total arsenic on the risk of developing UC. Methods: We conducted a hospital-based, case-control study involving 261UC patients and 672 cancer-free control individuals between September 2002 and May 2009. Results: Individuals who had smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime (ever smokers) and had a high urinary total arsenic level, had increased risks of developing UC (3.20-fold and 6.45-fold greater), respectively, compared to individuals who were never smokers and had a low urinary total arsenic level. Individuals who had high urinary total arsenic levels and had been exposed to secondhand smoke, and individuals with high urinary arsenic levels who had not been exposed to secondhand smoke, had increased chances (2.71-fold and 5.00-fold greater, respectively) of developing UC, compared to individuals who were not exposed to secondhand smoke and had low urinary total arsenic levels. Ever smokers who had been exposed to secondhand smoke and had a high urinary total arsenic level had the greatest increased risk for developing UC (10.82-fold greater). Conclusion: Individuals in a Taiwanese population who smoked cigarettes, were exposed to secondhand smoke, and a high urinary total arsenic level, had a significant risk for developing UC.
AB - Background/Purpose: Cigarette smoking, exposure to secondhand smoke, and arsenic exposure are well known risk factors for developing urothelial carcinoma (UC). We investigated the combined effects of cigarette smoking, exposure to secondhand smoke, and the presence of urinary total arsenic on the risk of developing UC. Methods: We conducted a hospital-based, case-control study involving 261UC patients and 672 cancer-free control individuals between September 2002 and May 2009. Results: Individuals who had smoked 100 cigarettes in their lifetime (ever smokers) and had a high urinary total arsenic level, had increased risks of developing UC (3.20-fold and 6.45-fold greater), respectively, compared to individuals who were never smokers and had a low urinary total arsenic level. Individuals who had high urinary total arsenic levels and had been exposed to secondhand smoke, and individuals with high urinary arsenic levels who had not been exposed to secondhand smoke, had increased chances (2.71-fold and 5.00-fold greater, respectively) of developing UC, compared to individuals who were not exposed to secondhand smoke and had low urinary total arsenic levels. Ever smokers who had been exposed to secondhand smoke and had a high urinary total arsenic level had the greatest increased risk for developing UC (10.82-fold greater). Conclusion: Individuals in a Taiwanese population who smoked cigarettes, were exposed to secondhand smoke, and a high urinary total arsenic level, had a significant risk for developing UC.
KW - Arsenic methylation capacity
KW - Cigarette smoking
KW - Environmental tobacco smoke
KW - Urothelial carcinoma
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jfma.2013.05.012
DO - 10.1016/j.jfma.2013.05.012
M3 - Article
C2 - 23871550
AN - SCOPUS:84884700712
SN - 0929-6646
VL - 112
SP - 554
EP - 560
JO - Journal of the Formosan Medical Association
JF - Journal of the Formosan Medical Association
IS - 9
ER -