Endocarditis pathogen promotes vegetation formation by inducing intravascular neutrophil extracellular traps through activated platelets

Chiau Jing Jung, Chiou Yueh Yeh, Ron Bin Hsu, Chii Ming Lee, Chia Tung Shun, Jean San Chia

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

77 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

BACKGROUND - : Endocarditis-inducing streptococci form multilayered biofilms in complex with aggregated platelets on injured heart valves, but the host factors that interconnect and entrap these bacteria-platelet aggregates to promote vegetation formation were unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS - : In a Streptococcus mutans endocarditis rat model, we identified layers of neutrophil extracellular traps interconnecting and entrapping bacteria-platelet aggregates inside vegetation that could be reduced significantly in size along with diminished colonizing bacteria by prophylaxis with intravascular DNase I alone. The combination of activated platelets and specific immunoglobulin G-adsorbed bacteria are required to induce the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps through multiple activation pathways. Bacteria play key roles in coordinating the signaling through spleen tyrosine kinase, Src family kinases, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways to upregulate the expression of P-selectin in platelets, while inducing reactive oxygen species-dependent citrullination in the arm of neutrophils. Neutrophil extracellular traps in turn serve as the scaffold to further enhance and entrap bacteria-platelet aggregate formation and expansion. CONCLUSIONS - : Neutrophil extracellular traps promote and expand vegetation formation through enhancing and entrapping bacteria-platelet aggregates on the injured heart valves. (Circulation. 2015;131:571-581. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.011432.).

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)571-581
Number of pages11
JournalCirculation
Volume131
Issue number6
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Feb 10 2015
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • blood platelets
  • communicable diseases
  • endocarditis
  • neutrophils

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Physiology (medical)

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