抗力球訓練對射箭選手肌肉功能、平衡能力與運動表現的影響

Introduction: Swiss ball training can enhance core strength to maintain body balance by neuromuscular control, which further enhances the feedback of proprioception and the motor coordination. Moreover, when archers have high level of muscle strength, muscle endurance and body balance, they will effectively enhance their performance. Therefore, there may have positive effects by combining regular training program with Swiss ball in archers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 6-weeks Swiss ball training on muscle strength, muscle endurance, balance ability, and archery performance in archers. Methods: Twenty four high school archers reported having the experience of specialized archery training at least 2 years, and without a history of serious muscular injury within 6 months, as well as without hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and other chronic diseases. All participants were divided into Swiss ball group (SB group, n=12) and control group (C group, n=12). All participants sustained the regular archery training programs during the experimental period. Subjects in SB group performed 3 sets Swiss ball training 3 times per weeks for 6 weeks. The maximal muscle strength of limbs, numbers of sit-up and hyperextension within 1 minute, the radius of center of pressure, the continued time of drawing as well as the archery score of 70 meters of all subjects were assessed before and after the study. Results: The numbers of sit-up within 1 minute (SB group: 62.92 ± 4.10 times vs. C group: 55.83 ± 6.07 times, p < .05) and the numbers of hyperextension within 1 minute (SB group: 62.50 ± 6.76 times vs. C group: 53.08 ± 7.35 times, p < .05) and the radius of center of pressure (SB group: 1.83 ± 0.39 mm vs. C group: 3.00 ± 1.04 mm, respectively, p < .05) in SB group were significantly higher than C group. There were no significant differences in other variables between groups. Conclusion: The Swiss ball training with 3 times per week for six weeks could effectively enhance the core strength and balance ability in archers. However, Swiss ball training had no benefits on the muscle strength of limbs, muscle endurance of upper limb and archery performance.