Effects of handheld nonthermal plasma on the biological responses, mineralization, and inflammatory reactions of polyaryletherketone implant materials

Chien Fu Tseng, I. Ta Lee, Sheng Han Wu, Hsin Ming Chen, Yuichi Mine, Tzu Yu Peng, Sang Heng Kok

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

1 Citation (Scopus)

Abstract

Background/purpose: The handheld nonthermal plasma (HNP) treatment may alter the surface properties, bone metabolism, and inflammatory reactions of polyaryletherketone (PAEK) dental implant materials. This study tested whether the HNP treatment might increase the biocompatibility, surface hydrophilicity, surface free energies (SFEs), and the cell adhesion and mineralization capability of PAEK materials. Materials and methods: Disk-shaped samples of titanium (Ti), zirconia (Zr), polyetheretherketone (PEEK [PE]), and polyetherketoneketone (PEKK [PK]) were subjected to HNP treatment and termed as TiPL, ZrPL, PEPL, and PKPL, respectively. Water-surface reactions were examined using a goniometer. MG-63 cells were cultured on all samples to assess the cell viability, cytotoxicity, cell attachment, and mineralization characteristics. The expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6) and key mineralization markers (alkaline phosphatase [ALKP], osteopontin [OPN], and dentin matrix protein 1 [DMP1]) was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Results: The HNP-treated samples exhibited significantly enhanced surface hydrophilicities and SFEs compared to the untreated samples. The cell viability remained high across all samples, indicating no cytotoxic effects. The HNP treatment significantly enhanced MG-63 cell adherence and proliferation. Elevated levels of ALKP and OPN were observed for the plasma-treated PEPL and PKPL specimens, while DMP1 levels increased significantly only in the PKPL specimen. Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were low across all samples, suggesting no inflammatory response. Conclusion: The HNP-treated PAEKs have enhanced the surface hydrophilicity and SFEs as well as superior cell adhesion and mineralization capability, and thus may be good clinical dental implant materials.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)2018-2026
Number of pages9
JournalJournal of Dental Sciences
Volume19
Issue number4
DOIs
Publication statusAccepted/In press - 2024

Keywords

  • Cell metabolic activity
  • Dental implant
  • Handheld nonthermal plasma
  • Inflammatory reaction
  • Mineralization
  • Polyaryletherketone

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • General Dentistry

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