Effects of environmental lead exposure on T-helper cell-specific cytokines in children

Lead (Pb) may alter T-lymphocyte reactivity in situ by preferentially enhancing the development of T-helper 2 (TH2)- and inhibiting TH1-lymphocyte development. These effects could result in dysregulation of the presence/availability of TH1- and TH2-associated cytokines. The aim of this study was two-fold, that is, to assess whole blood Pb levels in schoolchildren from Taiwanese communities that varied in degree of potential for Pb exposure and then ascertain if there were relationships between Pb exposure and changes in levels of key TH1 and TH2 cytokines. Grades 5 and 6 students were selected from four different community schools, i.e., one from: urban area with new homes; urban area with old homes; rural site with old homes; and area located near an oil refinery. Students at each site were further divided into healthy and respiratory allergy subgroups. Blood was collected and whole blood Pb levels and serum interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-12, -4, and -5 levels were determined. The results indicate no differences in whole blood Pb levels (