@article{484b405ff6164c6e9272a541bb45683b,
title = "Effect of multiple vaccinations with tumor cell-based vaccine with codon-modified GM-CSF on tumor growth in a mouse model",
abstract = "Ectopic expression of codon-modified granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (cGM-CSF) in TC-1 cells (TC-1/cGM-CSF), a model cell line for human papillomavirus (HPV)-infected cervical cancer cells, increased the expression level of GM-CSF and improved the efficacy of tumor cell-based vaccines in a cervical cancer mouse model. The number of vaccine doses required to induce a long-term immune response in a cervical cancer mouse model is poorly understood. Here, we investigated one, three, and five doses of the irradiated TC-1/cGM-CSF vaccine to determine which dose was effective in inducing a greater immune response and the suppression of tumors. Our findings showed that three doses of irradiated TC-1/cGM-CSF vaccine elicited slower tumor growth rates and enhanced survival rates compared with one dose or five doses of irradiated TC-1/cGM-CSF vaccine. Consistently, mice vaccinated with three doses of irradiated TC-1/cGM-CSF vaccine exhibited stronger interferon gamma (IFN-) production in HPV E7-specific CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells. A higher percentage of natural killer cells and interferon-producing killer dendritic cells (IKDCs) appeared in the splenocytes of the mice vaccinated with three doses of irradiated TC-1/cGM-CSF vaccine compared with those of the mice vaccinated with one dose or five doses of irradiated TC-1/cGM-CSF vaccine. Our findings demonstrate that single or multiple vaccinations, such as five doses, with irradiated TC-1/cGM-CSF vaccine suppressed the immune response, whereas three doses of irradiated TC-1/cGM-CSF vaccine elicited a greater immune response and subsequent tumor suppression.",
keywords = "Cervical cancer, CGM-CSF, HPV, IKDCs, Multiple vaccinations",
author = "Qiu, {Jiantai Timothy} and Donia Alson and Lee, {Ta Hsien} and Tsai, {Ching Chou} and Yu, {Ting Wei} and Chen, {Yu Sing} and Cheng, {Ya Fang} and Lin, {Chu Chi} and Schuyler, {Scott C.}",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CGMH), Linkou, under the contract numbers CORPG3F0141, CMRPG391471, CMRPG3E1282, CMRPG3G0481, CMRPD1F0353, and BMRPC59. Funding Information: suppression. Further studies are needed to produce a better understanding of the total number of irradiated TC-1/cGM-CSF vaccinations required to fight HPV-induced cervical cancer in other animal irradiated TC-1/cGM-CSF vaccinations required to fight HPV-induced cervical cancer in other animal models, such as in primates, and also in human beings. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, J.T.Q.; Data curation, J.T.Q., D.A., T.-H.L., and C.-C.L.; Formal analysis, J.T.Q. and D.A.; Funding acquisition, J.T.Q. and S.C.S.; Investigation, J.T.Q., D.A., C.-C.T., T.-W.Y., Y.-S.C., and Y.-F.C.; Methodology, J.T.Q. and D.A.; Project administration, J.T.Q.; Resources, J.T.Q.; Software, J.T.Q.; YS.-uFp.Ce.r;vMiseiothno,dJo.Tlo.Qgy.,aJn.Td.Q S..aCn.dS.;DV.Aa.l;idParotijoecnt,aJd.Tm.Qin.;isVtriastuioanli,zJa.Tti.oQn.;, RJ.eTs.oQu.r; cOesr,iJg.Tin.Qal. ;dSroaffttwparree,pJa.Tra.Qti.o;nS,upJ.eTr.vQi.siaonnd, J.T.Q. and S.C.S.; Validation, J.T.Q.; Visualization, J.T.Q.; Original draft preparation, J.T.Q. and D.A.; Review and editing of manuscript, J.T.Q., D.A., and S.C.S. Funding: This work was supported by Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CGMH), Linkou, under the contract Funding: This work was supported by Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CGMH), Linkou, under the contract numbers CORPG3F0141, CMRPG391471, CMRPG3E1282, CMRPG3G0481, CMRPD1F0353, and BMRPC59. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 by the authors.",
year = "2019",
month = mar,
doi = "10.3390/cancers11030368",
language = "English",
volume = "11",
journal = "Cancers",
issn = "2072-6694",
publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",
number = "3",
}
