Dietary education with customised dishware and food supplements can reduce frailty and improve mental well-being in elderly people: A single-blind randomized controlled study

The elderly population is increasing rapidly worldwide, and frailty is a common geriatric syndrome. Comprehensive dietary management strategies may have beneficial effects on frailty prevention and reversal. This 3-month single-blind, paralleled, randomized controlled trial compared the effects of micronutrients and/or protein supplements, and a personalised diet on frailty status in elderly individuals. Methods and Study Design: Between 2014 and 2015, 40 prefrail or frail subjects aged ≥65 years were recruited at Miaoli General Hospital, Taiwan. Of these, 37 completed the study, and 36 were included in the analysis. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: (1) the control (2) multiple micronutrient supplements, (3) multiple micronutrients plus isolated soy protein supplement, and (4) individualised nutrition education with customised dishware and food supplements (mixed nuts and skimmed milk powder). Dietary intake, protein biomarkers, frailty score, and geriatric depression score were assessed. Results: Individualised nutrition education with customised dishware and food supplements significantly increased the participants' intake of vegetables, dairy, and nuts, in addition to increasing the concentration of urinary urea nitrogen. It yielded a significant reduction in frailty score (p < 0.05) and a borderline reduction (p=0.063) in geriatric depression score. No significant beneficial changes were observed for the other two intervention groups. Conclusions: Our study indicated that a dietary approach with easy-to-comprehend dishware and food supplements to optimize the distribution of the consumption of six food groups improved frailty status and, potentially, psychological well-being in elderly people.