Development of Kaoping River Basin Management Strategies Based on Calculated Carrying Capacity

Chih Ming Kao; Sheng Shou Huang; Fang Chih Wu; Ku Fan Chen; Tsair Fuh Lin; E. E. Chang; Pen Chi Chiang

Development of Kaoping River Basin Management Strategies Based on Calculated Carrying Capacity

Chih Ming Kao, Sheng Shou Huang, Fang Chih Wu, Ku Fan Chen, Tsair Fuh Lin, E. E. Chang, Pen Chi Chiang

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Abstract

The Kaoping River basin is the largest and the most intensively used river basin in Taiwan. It is 171-km long, drains a catchment of more than 3,250 km². Based on the current water quality analysis, the Kaoping River is heavily polluted. Concern about the deteriorating condition of the river led the Government of Taiwan to amend the relevance legislations and strengthen the enforcement of the discharge regulations to effectively manage the river and control the pollution. Investigation results demonstrate that both point and non-point source (NPS) pollutants are now the causes of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), nutrients, and pathogens in the river. The main water pollution sources are livestock wastewater from hog farms, municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater, NPS pollutants from agricultural areas, and leachate from riverbank landfills. The current daily BOD, NH₃-N, and TP loadings to Kaoping River are 74,700, 39,400, and 5,100 kg, respectively. The calculated daily Escherichia Coliform (E. Coli) loadings to Kaoping River are 1.18×10¹⁶ colony forming unit (CFU). However, the calculated BOD, NH₃-N, and TP carrying capacities are only 27,700, 4,200, and 600 kg per day. The calculated E. Coli carrying capacity is only 4.81×10¹⁵ CFU per day. Thus, the current BOD, NH₃-N, TP, and E. Coli loadings are almost 2.7, 9.4, 8.5, and 7.3 times higher than the calculated carrying capacities, respectively. To protect public health and improve the river water quality, the comprehensive management and construction strategies are proposed. The proposed strategies include the following measures to meet the calculated river carrying capacity. (1) hog ban in the entire Kaoping River basin, (2) sewer system construction to achieve 30% of connection in the basin within 10 years, (3) removal of 10 riverbank landfills, and (4) enforcement of the industrial wastewater discharge standards. After the implementation of the proposed measures, the water quality should be significantly improved and the BOD and nutrient loadings can be significantly reduced.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Watershed Management, Proceedings of the Third International Conference
Editors	M.A. Ports, D.W. Renetzky
Pages	199-209
Number of pages	11
Volume	3
Publication status	Published - 2004
Event	Watershed Management, Proceedings of the Third International Conference - Taipei, Taiwan Duration: Dec 11 2001 → Dec 14 2001

Conference

Conference	Watershed Management, Proceedings of the Third International Conference
Country/Territory	Taiwan
City	Taipei
Period	12/11/01 → 12/14/01

Keywords

BOD
Carrying capacity
Hog farm waste
Riverbank landfill
Water quality

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Engineering

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Cite this

Development of Kaoping River Basin Management Strategies Based on Calculated Carrying Capacity. / Kao, Chih Ming; Huang, Sheng Shou; Wu, Fang Chih et al.
Watershed Management, Proceedings of the Third International Conference. ed. / M.A. Ports; D.W. Renetzky. Vol. 3 2004. p. 199-209.

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Kao, CM, Huang, SS, Wu, FC, Chen, KF, Lin, TF, Chang, EE & Chiang, PC 2004, Development of Kaoping River Basin Management Strategies Based on Calculated Carrying Capacity. in MA Ports & DW Renetzky (eds), Watershed Management, Proceedings of the Third International Conference. vol. 3, pp. 199-209, Watershed Management, Proceedings of the Third International Conference, Taipei, Taiwan, 12/11/01.

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abstract = "The Kaoping River basin is the largest and the most intensively used river basin in Taiwan. It is 171-km long, drains a catchment of more than 3,250 km2. Based on the current water quality analysis, the Kaoping River is heavily polluted. Concern about the deteriorating condition of the river led the Government of Taiwan to amend the relevance legislations and strengthen the enforcement of the discharge regulations to effectively manage the river and control the pollution. Investigation results demonstrate that both point and non-point source (NPS) pollutants are now the causes of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), nutrients, and pathogens in the river. The main water pollution sources are livestock wastewater from hog farms, municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater, NPS pollutants from agricultural areas, and leachate from riverbank landfills. The current daily BOD, NH3-N, and TP loadings to Kaoping River are 74,700, 39,400, and 5,100 kg, respectively. The calculated daily Escherichia Coliform (E. Coli) loadings to Kaoping River are 1.18×1016 colony forming unit (CFU). However, the calculated BOD, NH3-N, and TP carrying capacities are only 27,700, 4,200, and 600 kg per day. The calculated E. Coli carrying capacity is only 4.81×1015 CFU per day. Thus, the current BOD, NH3-N, TP, and E. Coli loadings are almost 2.7, 9.4, 8.5, and 7.3 times higher than the calculated carrying capacities, respectively. To protect public health and improve the river water quality, the comprehensive management and construction strategies are proposed. The proposed strategies include the following measures to meet the calculated river carrying capacity. (1) hog ban in the entire Kaoping River basin, (2) sewer system construction to achieve 30% of connection in the basin within 10 years, (3) removal of 10 riverbank landfills, and (4) enforcement of the industrial wastewater discharge standards. After the implementation of the proposed measures, the water quality should be significantly improved and the BOD and nutrient loadings can be significantly reduced.",

keywords = "BOD, Carrying capacity, Hog farm waste, Riverbank landfill, Water quality",

author = "Kao, {Chih Ming} and Huang, {Sheng Shou} and Wu, {Fang Chih} and Chen, {Ku Fan} and Lin, {Tsair Fuh} and Chang, {E. E.} and Chiang, {Pen Chi}",

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editor = "M.A. Ports and D.W. Renetzky",

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AU - Kao, Chih Ming

AU - Huang, Sheng Shou

AU - Wu, Fang Chih

AU - Chen, Ku Fan

AU - Lin, Tsair Fuh

AU - Chang, E. E.

AU - Chiang, Pen Chi

PY - 2004

Y1 - 2004

N2 - The Kaoping River basin is the largest and the most intensively used river basin in Taiwan. It is 171-km long, drains a catchment of more than 3,250 km2. Based on the current water quality analysis, the Kaoping River is heavily polluted. Concern about the deteriorating condition of the river led the Government of Taiwan to amend the relevance legislations and strengthen the enforcement of the discharge regulations to effectively manage the river and control the pollution. Investigation results demonstrate that both point and non-point source (NPS) pollutants are now the causes of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), nutrients, and pathogens in the river. The main water pollution sources are livestock wastewater from hog farms, municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater, NPS pollutants from agricultural areas, and leachate from riverbank landfills. The current daily BOD, NH3-N, and TP loadings to Kaoping River are 74,700, 39,400, and 5,100 kg, respectively. The calculated daily Escherichia Coliform (E. Coli) loadings to Kaoping River are 1.18×1016 colony forming unit (CFU). However, the calculated BOD, NH3-N, and TP carrying capacities are only 27,700, 4,200, and 600 kg per day. The calculated E. Coli carrying capacity is only 4.81×1015 CFU per day. Thus, the current BOD, NH3-N, TP, and E. Coli loadings are almost 2.7, 9.4, 8.5, and 7.3 times higher than the calculated carrying capacities, respectively. To protect public health and improve the river water quality, the comprehensive management and construction strategies are proposed. The proposed strategies include the following measures to meet the calculated river carrying capacity. (1) hog ban in the entire Kaoping River basin, (2) sewer system construction to achieve 30% of connection in the basin within 10 years, (3) removal of 10 riverbank landfills, and (4) enforcement of the industrial wastewater discharge standards. After the implementation of the proposed measures, the water quality should be significantly improved and the BOD and nutrient loadings can be significantly reduced.

AB - The Kaoping River basin is the largest and the most intensively used river basin in Taiwan. It is 171-km long, drains a catchment of more than 3,250 km2. Based on the current water quality analysis, the Kaoping River is heavily polluted. Concern about the deteriorating condition of the river led the Government of Taiwan to amend the relevance legislations and strengthen the enforcement of the discharge regulations to effectively manage the river and control the pollution. Investigation results demonstrate that both point and non-point source (NPS) pollutants are now the causes of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), nutrients, and pathogens in the river. The main water pollution sources are livestock wastewater from hog farms, municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater, NPS pollutants from agricultural areas, and leachate from riverbank landfills. The current daily BOD, NH3-N, and TP loadings to Kaoping River are 74,700, 39,400, and 5,100 kg, respectively. The calculated daily Escherichia Coliform (E. Coli) loadings to Kaoping River are 1.18×1016 colony forming unit (CFU). However, the calculated BOD, NH3-N, and TP carrying capacities are only 27,700, 4,200, and 600 kg per day. The calculated E. Coli carrying capacity is only 4.81×1015 CFU per day. Thus, the current BOD, NH3-N, TP, and E. Coli loadings are almost 2.7, 9.4, 8.5, and 7.3 times higher than the calculated carrying capacities, respectively. To protect public health and improve the river water quality, the comprehensive management and construction strategies are proposed. The proposed strategies include the following measures to meet the calculated river carrying capacity. (1) hog ban in the entire Kaoping River basin, (2) sewer system construction to achieve 30% of connection in the basin within 10 years, (3) removal of 10 riverbank landfills, and (4) enforcement of the industrial wastewater discharge standards. After the implementation of the proposed measures, the water quality should be significantly improved and the BOD and nutrient loadings can be significantly reduced.

KW - BOD

KW - Carrying capacity

KW - Hog farm waste

KW - Riverbank landfill

KW - Water quality

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BT - Watershed Management, Proceedings of the Third International Conference

A2 - Ports, M.A.

A2 - Renetzky, D.W.

T2 - Watershed Management, Proceedings of the Third International Conference

Y2 - 11 December 2001 through 14 December 2001

ER -

Development of Kaoping River Basin Management Strategies Based on Calculated Carrying Capacity

Abstract

Conference

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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