Crystal Structure of PigA: A Prolyl Thioester-Oxidizing Enzyme in Prodigiosin Biosynthesis

Cheng Chung Lee, Tzu Ping Ko, Chun Ting Chen, Yueh Te Chan, Shin Yi Lo, Jen Yu Chang, Ya Wen Chen, Ting Fang Chung, Hsin Ju Hsieh, Chwan Deng Hsiao, Andrew H.J. Wang

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

7 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Prodigiosin is an intensely red pigment comprising three pyrroles. The biosynthetic pathway includes a two-step proline oxidation catalyzed by phosphatidylinositol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase subunit A (PigA), with flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as its cofactor. The enzyme is crystallized in the apo form and in complex with FAD and proline. As an acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase (ACAD) family member, the protein folds into a β-sheet flanked by two α-helical domains. PigA forms a tetramer, which is consistent with analytical ultracentrifugation results. FAD binds to PigA in a similar way to that in the other enzymes of the ACAD family. The variable conformations of loop β4–β5 and helix αG correlate well with the structural flexibility required for substrate entrance to the Re side of FAD. Modeling with PigG, the acyl carrier protein, suggests a reasonable mode of interaction with PigA. The structure helps to explain the proline oxidation mechanism, in which Glu244 plays a central role by abstracting the substrate protons. It also reveals a plausible pocket for oxygen binding to the Si side of FAD.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)193-202
Number of pages10
JournalChemBioChem
Volume20
Issue number2
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jan 18 2019
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • biosynthesis
  • cofactors
  • crystal growth
  • dyes/pigments
  • proteins

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Medicine
  • Molecular Biology
  • Organic Chemistry

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