Consumption of carotenoid-rich Momordica cochinchinensis (Gac) aril improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetic mice partially through taste receptor type 1 mediated glucagon-like peptide 1 secretion

Ying Ying Hsieh, Wen Chi Hou, Su Jung Hsu, Chia Ching Liaw, Cheng Huang, Meng Chun Monica Shih, Yuh Chiang Shen, Ying Fang Chen, Ching Kuo Lee, Oscar K. Lee, Chia Chune Wu, I. Jung Lee, Jing Jy Cheng, Yu Chang Hou, Hui Kang Liu

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Incretin-based therapies are widely used to improve glycemic control and β cell dysfunction in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Momordica cochinchinensis (Gac fruit), a nutritious melon cultivated in many regions, has underexplored health benefits, particular its edible aril. This study comprehensively investigates the stimulatory effect of Gac aril on glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion, identifies the responsible active constituents, and explores the underlying mechanisms related to its anti-diabetic effects. GLP-1-secreting STC-1 intestinal L cells were used to assess bioactivity and molecular mechanisms. Additionally, the in vivo anti-diabetic effects of Gac aril consumption were evaluated using type 2 diabetic mice induced by a high fat diet and streptozotocin injection, with or without GLP-1 receptor expression. The results demonstrated that Gac pulp and aril stimulated GLP-1 secretion, while Gac seeds did not. β-Carotene, a major constituent of Gac aril, was identified as the key mediator of GLP-1 secretion via sweet taste receptor-mediated signaling in STC-1 cells. Dietary intake of Gac aril significantly improved fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, β-cell function, and hemoglobin A1c in type 2 diabetic mice. GLP-1 levels increased 2-fold, and decreased levels of ghrelin and adiponectin were restored. The anti-diabetic effects were partially diminished in GLP-1 receptor knockout mice, suggesting Gac aril's effects are mediated, in part, through GLP-1. In conclusion, Gac aril consumption may provide health benefits for managing type 2 diabetes, partially by enhancing endogenous GLP-1 levels.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)11415-11431
Number of pages17
JournalFood and Function
Volume15
Issue number23
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Nov 13 2024

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Food Science

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