Comparison of High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound and Conventional Surgery for Patients with Uterine Myomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective: Uterine myomas are one of the most common gynecologic tumors in premenopausal women. The conventional surgical treatments are myomectomy and hysterectomy, but high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a new noninvasive treatment creating no surgical wound. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of HIFU treatment compared with conventional surgery for patients with uterine myomas. Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for studies published before January 2021. Methods of Study Selection: Studies comparing the outcome of HIFU and conventional surgery—myomectomy and hysterectomy—for patients with uterine myomas were included. We conducted meta-analyses by using a random effects model. Uterine myoma symptom score and quality-of-life score were analyzed using the mean difference (MD). The recovery time and frequency of major adverse events were also evaluated. Tabulation, Integration, and Results: Ten studies were included. HIFU relieved uterine myoma symptoms significantly when compared with conventional surgery at 6 (MD −1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], −2.88 to −0.33) and 12 (MD −2.44; 95% CI, −3.68 to −1.20) months after treatment. Similarly, HIFU group improve the quality-of-life score significantly at 6 (MD 2.14; 95% CI, 0.86–3.42) and 12 (MD 2.34; 95% CI, 0.82–3.86) months after treatment when compared with the surgery group. Conclusion: HIFU could be an effective and safe treatment option for patients with uterine myomas. However, one of its side effects, skin burns, requires further research and discussion. Additional studies involving more randomized controlled trials are warranted.