TY - JOUR
T1 - Cinnamic aldehyde, an anti-inflammatory component in Du-Huo-Ji-Sheng-Tang, ameliorates arthritis in II collagenase and monosodium iodoacetate induced osteoarthritis rat models
AU - Tseng, Sung Hui
AU - Lee, Chia Jung
AU - Chen, Shih Han
AU - Chen, Chao Hsin
AU - Tsai, Po Wei
AU - Hsieh, Ming Shium
AU - Chu, Jan Show
AU - Wang, Ching Chiung
N1 - Funding Information:
Preclinical studies have provided sufficient evidences to support that iNOS, COX-2, MMP-13, and PGE2 are all key targets for protecting joints from degradation during inflammation caused by inducers like IL-1β.19,20 MMP-13 is over-expressed in the joints and articular cartilage in patients with OA, and is a new target of treatment. In fact, MMP-13 inhibitory activity in activated chondrocytes was reported in two TH constituent herbs, EU and Panax ginseng. 21–23 In our study, MMP-13 in IL-1β induced chondrocytes was inhibited by DHJST and TH extracts, and Eucommia ulmoides, but not by Cinnamomum cassia. We did not perform further study on P. ginseng as this herb showed only moderate anti-inflammatory activity on LPS induced macrophages. The results not only revealed how multiple ingredients act on multiple targets to produce the beneficial effects of DHJST for arthritis treatment, but they also support the notion that the pharmacological effects of combinatory formula could be more than the sum of each individual component. Osteoarthritis is a chronic painful joint disease. Cytokines as TNF-β, IL-1α, IL-6 and IL-17 present in the OA joint can activate proinflammatory cytokines, there should have innervating nociceptors and leading to pain. For examples, TNF-β and IL-1α can stimulate TRPV1 expression and make joints feel hot and painful; IL-17 can increase TRPV4 expression and enhance the sensitivity to mechanical pain.24 In this study, both DHJST and TH can inhibit the pain of osteoarthritic animal models. Therefore, in addition to DHJST and TH could reduce the production of PGE2 in chondrocytes, there should be have other cytokine and chemokines targets, such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-17 et al. In the future, we will continue to explore whether DHJST and TH can reduce the expression of cytokines and chemokines in chondrocytes, synovial cells and other cells in the joints.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University
PY - 2023/1
Y1 - 2023/1
N2 - Background and aim: Du-Huo-Ji-Sheng-Tang (DHJST) is a Chinese herbal formula used for arthralgia and arthritis treatment clinically. This study aims to evaluate the joint-protecting efficacy of DHJST and to identify the active constituents as the evaluation marker. Experimental procedure: DHJST can be categorized into three recipes: Blood-tonifying-herbs Si-Wu-Tang (SWT), Wind-dampness-dispelling-herbs (WDH) and Qi-tonifying-herbs (TH). All formulas were used to explore the joint-protecting efficacies. Results and conclusion: s: Firstly, DHJST could decrease the arthritis progression in the monosodium-iodoacetate-induced rat and cure arthritis in the type II collagenase-induced rat. Further, in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, DHJST, TH and Cinnamomum cassia (CC), an ingredient in TH, were the most potent nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) inhibitors. The major components, cinnamic aldehyde, showed the strongest NO and PGE2 inhibition. Up-regulated inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 were inhibited by DHJST, TH, CC, and cinnamic aldehyde. In interleukin-1β-stimulated primary chondrocytes, upregulated iNOS was inhibited by DHJST, TH, Cinnamomum cassia, and cinnamic aldehyde. Upregulated matrix metalloprotease-13 was only inhibited by DHJST and TH and Eucommia ulmoides (EU) extract. Results suggest that DHJST presented joint-protective and cure arthritis effects. TH presented equal joint-protective effects as DHJST. The major anti-inflammatory ingredient in TH was Cinnamomum cassia in TH. And cinnamic aldehyde was the potent anti-inflammatory active compound in Cinnamomum cassia. Therefore, this study may facilitate the modern use of DHJST with TH as a simplified version but equally effective anti-osteoarthritic agents with cinnamic aldehyde as a quality control marker of DHJST and TH in osteoarthritis prevention or treatment.
AB - Background and aim: Du-Huo-Ji-Sheng-Tang (DHJST) is a Chinese herbal formula used for arthralgia and arthritis treatment clinically. This study aims to evaluate the joint-protecting efficacy of DHJST and to identify the active constituents as the evaluation marker. Experimental procedure: DHJST can be categorized into three recipes: Blood-tonifying-herbs Si-Wu-Tang (SWT), Wind-dampness-dispelling-herbs (WDH) and Qi-tonifying-herbs (TH). All formulas were used to explore the joint-protecting efficacies. Results and conclusion: s: Firstly, DHJST could decrease the arthritis progression in the monosodium-iodoacetate-induced rat and cure arthritis in the type II collagenase-induced rat. Further, in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, DHJST, TH and Cinnamomum cassia (CC), an ingredient in TH, were the most potent nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) inhibitors. The major components, cinnamic aldehyde, showed the strongest NO and PGE2 inhibition. Up-regulated inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 were inhibited by DHJST, TH, CC, and cinnamic aldehyde. In interleukin-1β-stimulated primary chondrocytes, upregulated iNOS was inhibited by DHJST, TH, Cinnamomum cassia, and cinnamic aldehyde. Upregulated matrix metalloprotease-13 was only inhibited by DHJST and TH and Eucommia ulmoides (EU) extract. Results suggest that DHJST presented joint-protective and cure arthritis effects. TH presented equal joint-protective effects as DHJST. The major anti-inflammatory ingredient in TH was Cinnamomum cassia in TH. And cinnamic aldehyde was the potent anti-inflammatory active compound in Cinnamomum cassia. Therefore, this study may facilitate the modern use of DHJST with TH as a simplified version but equally effective anti-osteoarthritic agents with cinnamic aldehyde as a quality control marker of DHJST and TH in osteoarthritis prevention or treatment.
KW - Arthritis
KW - Cinnamic aldehyde
KW - Cinnamomum cassia
KW - Monosodium iodoacetate
KW - Type II collagenase
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jtcme.2022.10.003
DO - 10.1016/j.jtcme.2022.10.003
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85141995123
SN - 2225-4110
VL - 13
SP - 51
EP - 61
JO - Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine
JF - Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine
IS - 1
ER -