Characteristics comparisons of bacteremia in allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic stem cell-transplant recipients with levofloxacin prophylaxis and influence on resistant bacteria emergence

Ching Hsun Wang, Feng Yee Chang, Tsu Yi Chao, Woei Yau Kao, Ching Liang Ho, Yeu Chin Chen, Ming Shen Dai, Ping Ying Chang, Yi Ying Wu, Jung Chung Lin

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

22 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the risk factors and clinical outcomes of bacteremia in allogeneic and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT and auto-HSCT) recipients with levofloxacin prophylaxis during the early period after transplantation. Methods: Characteristics of bacteremia within 45 days after transplantation between allo-HSCT and auto-HSCT recipients who received levofloxacin prophylaxis between January 2005 and December 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Of 105 HSCT recipients included in this study, 55 (52.4%) received an allo-HSCT and 50 (47.6%) received an auto-HSCT. Twenty-five patients (23.8%) with HSCT developed 28 episodes of bacteremia. Of these 25 bacteremia patients, 15 received an allo-HSCT, while 10 received an auto-HSCT. The occurrence of Grade 3–4 graft-versus-host disease and longer engraftment duration were associated with bacteremia in allo- and auto-HSCT recipients (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). Auto-HSCT recipients with bacteremia had a longer hospital stay after transplantation, while allo-HSCT recipients with bacteremia had an increased 45-day mortality rate as compared with those without bacteremia (p = 0.014 and p = 0.013, respectively). All 14 Gram-negative blood isolates in this study were resistant to fluoroquinolone. Conclusion: Levofloxacin prophylaxis in HSCT recipients is associated with the emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. The risk factors and clinical outcomes of bacteremia differ between allo- and auto-HSCT recipients, and these differences should be taken into account when designing strategies to prevent bacteremia.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)123-131
Number of pages9
JournalJournal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection
Volume51
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Feb 1 2018

Keywords

  • bacteremia
  • levofloxacin
  • prophylaxis
  • transplantation

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Immunology and Allergy
  • Immunology and Microbiology(all)
  • Microbiology (medical)
  • Infectious Diseases

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