TY - JOUR
T1 - Changes in hippocampal theta activity during initiation and maintenance of running in the rat
AU - Kuo, T. B J
AU - Li, J. Y.
AU - Chen, C. Y.
AU - Yang, C. C H
PY - 2011/10/27
Y1 - 2011/10/27
N2 - Hippocampal theta wave can be induced by running and is linked to cognitive functions. The initiation and maintenance of hippocampal theta during a complete course of running, however, is not well understood. Using a treadmill exercise model, this study wirelessly recorded the hippocampal electroencephalogram, nuchal electromyogram, electrocardiogram, and three-dimensional accelerations of 15 male young rats. Although the speed of the treadmill was constant during the entire 30-min running course, the frequency (Frq) and amplitude (Amp) of hippocampal theta changed dynamically. During the first 24 s (phase I), the Frq, Amp, electromyogram amplitude (EMG), heart rate (HR), and physical activity (PA) all increased. The changes in the Frq, EMG, and PA were among the fastest and the change in the HR was the slowest. After 24 s (phase II), the Frq declined to near baseline but the Amp remained persistently high. The slope of the Frq, Amp, and HR over time during phase I was different to that during phase II. During phase II, the Frq and Amp were significantly correlated with the PA and EMG. We conclude that treadmill running can be classified into two phases based on hippocampal functioning, and hippocampal theta varies with exercise effort during the treadmill running.
AB - Hippocampal theta wave can be induced by running and is linked to cognitive functions. The initiation and maintenance of hippocampal theta during a complete course of running, however, is not well understood. Using a treadmill exercise model, this study wirelessly recorded the hippocampal electroencephalogram, nuchal electromyogram, electrocardiogram, and three-dimensional accelerations of 15 male young rats. Although the speed of the treadmill was constant during the entire 30-min running course, the frequency (Frq) and amplitude (Amp) of hippocampal theta changed dynamically. During the first 24 s (phase I), the Frq, Amp, electromyogram amplitude (EMG), heart rate (HR), and physical activity (PA) all increased. The changes in the Frq, EMG, and PA were among the fastest and the change in the HR was the slowest. After 24 s (phase II), the Frq declined to near baseline but the Amp remained persistently high. The slope of the Frq, Amp, and HR over time during phase I was different to that during phase II. During phase II, the Frq and Amp were significantly correlated with the PA and EMG. We conclude that treadmill running can be classified into two phases based on hippocampal functioning, and hippocampal theta varies with exercise effort during the treadmill running.
KW - Animal model
KW - Exercise effort
KW - Hippocampus
KW - Theta rhythm
KW - Treadmill running
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=80053124670&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=80053124670&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.08.007
DO - 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.08.007
M3 - Article
C2 - 21840376
AN - SCOPUS:80053124670
SN - 0306-4522
VL - 194
SP - 27
EP - 35
JO - Neuroscience
JF - Neuroscience
ER -