TY - JOUR
T1 - Blood stream infection in patients undergoing systematic off-pump coronary artery bypass
T2 - Incidence, risk factors, outcome, and associated pathogens
AU - Chien, Chen Yen
AU - Lin, Cheng Hsin
AU - Chen, Jeng Wei
AU - Hsu, Ron Bin
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright 2014, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2014.
PY - 2014/10/1
Y1 - 2014/10/1
N2 - Background: Blood stream infection (BSI) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity for patients undergoing cardiac surgery. However, information is lacking about patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB). The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence, risk factors, outcome and associated pathogens of BSI after OPCAB.Methods: One thousand ten consecutive patients undergoing OPCAB between 2001 and 2012 were included in a retrospective case-control study. A propensity-matched control was used for risk factor analysis.Results: Of the 1,010 patients, 26 patients (2.6%) had 32 episodes of BSI after surgery, which occurred at a median of 14 d after surgery. Gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci were distributed equally. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was the pathogen identified most frequently, and the most common source of infection was a surgical site. The hospital mortality rate was 54%. By univariable analysis, diabetes mellitus, pre-operative renal impairment, pre-operative low hemoglobin, pre-operative endotracheal intubation, dialysis before or after surgery, cardiogenic shock, left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 40%, non-elective surgery, low number of distal anastomoses, atrial fibrillation after surgery, and re-operation for bleeding were significant risk factors. By multivariable analysis, the independent risk factors were left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 40%, low number of distal anastomoses, atrial fibrillation after surgery, and dialysis after surgery.Conclusions: Blood stream infections remained a common complication after OPCAB, and the mortality was high. Gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci were distributed equally. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus was the pathogen identified most frequently. Preventive tactics should target likely pathogens and high-risk patients undergoing OPCAB.
AB - Background: Blood stream infection (BSI) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity for patients undergoing cardiac surgery. However, information is lacking about patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB). The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence, risk factors, outcome and associated pathogens of BSI after OPCAB.Methods: One thousand ten consecutive patients undergoing OPCAB between 2001 and 2012 were included in a retrospective case-control study. A propensity-matched control was used for risk factor analysis.Results: Of the 1,010 patients, 26 patients (2.6%) had 32 episodes of BSI after surgery, which occurred at a median of 14 d after surgery. Gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci were distributed equally. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was the pathogen identified most frequently, and the most common source of infection was a surgical site. The hospital mortality rate was 54%. By univariable analysis, diabetes mellitus, pre-operative renal impairment, pre-operative low hemoglobin, pre-operative endotracheal intubation, dialysis before or after surgery, cardiogenic shock, left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 40%, non-elective surgery, low number of distal anastomoses, atrial fibrillation after surgery, and re-operation for bleeding were significant risk factors. By multivariable analysis, the independent risk factors were left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 40%, low number of distal anastomoses, atrial fibrillation after surgery, and dialysis after surgery.Conclusions: Blood stream infections remained a common complication after OPCAB, and the mortality was high. Gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci were distributed equally. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus was the pathogen identified most frequently. Preventive tactics should target likely pathogens and high-risk patients undergoing OPCAB.
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U2 - 10.1089/sur.2012.213
DO - 10.1089/sur.2012.213
M3 - Article
C2 - 24867588
AN - SCOPUS:84912019626
SN - 1096-2964
VL - 15
SP - 613
EP - 618
JO - Surgical Infections
JF - Surgical Infections
IS - 5
ER -
