Autoantibodies to Oxidatively Modified Peptide: Potential Clinical Application in Coronary Artery Disease

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a global health issue. Lipid peroxidation produces various by-products that associate with CAD, such as 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The autoantibodies against HNE and MDA-modified peptides may be useful in the diagnosis of CAD. This study included 41 healthy controls (HCs) and 159 CAD patients with stenosis rates of <30%, 30–70%, and >70%. The plasma level of autoantibodies against four different unmodified and HNE-modified peptides were measured in this study, including CFAH^1211–1230, HPT^78–108, IGKC^2–19, and THRB^328–345. Furthermore, feature ranking, feature selection, and machine learning models have been utilized to exploit the diagnostic performance. Also, we combined autoantibodies against MDA and HNE-modified peptides to improve the models’ performance. The eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model received a sensitivity of 78.6% and a specificity of 90.4%. Our study demonstrated the combination of autoantibodies against oxidative modification may improve the model performance.