TY - JOUR
T1 - Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder is associated with allergic symptoms and low levels of hemoglobin and serotonin
AU - Wang, Liang Jen
AU - Yu, Ya Hui
AU - Fu, Ming Ling
AU - Yeh, Wen Ting
AU - Hsu, Jung Lung
AU - Yang, Yao Hsu
AU - Chen, Wei J.
AU - Chiang, Bor Luen
AU - Pan, Wen Harn
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 The Author(s).
PY - 2018/12/1
Y1 - 2018/12/1
N2 - This study investigated whether common comorbidities or biochemical factors, such as allergic disease, anemia, inflammation, and neurotransmitters, are singly or additively associated with an increased risk of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We recruited 216 children diagnosed with ADHD and 216 age-, sex-, height-, weight-, and class-matched controls from 31 elementary schools in Taipei, Taiwan. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire was used to measure allergic symptoms. Fasting venous blood was collected and analyzed for complete blood count, white blood cell differential count, immunoglobulin (Ig) E level, and serotonin (5-HT) level. The results showed that symptoms of both rhinitis (OR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.42-3.05) and eczema (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.02-2.88) were significantly associated with increased risk of ADHD. Children with ADHD showed considerably lower levels of hemoglobin (p = 0.001) and 5-HT (p < 0.001) and higher IgE level (p < 0.001) and eosinophil count (p = 0.001) than did control children. ADHD risk increased with the number of aforementioned biochemical risk factors present (one factor: OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 0.87-4.18; two factors: OR = 2.90, 95% CI = 1.29-6.48; three factors: OR = 4.47, 95% CI = 1.97-10.13; four factors: OR = 6.53, 95% CI = 2.43-17.57). Findings suggest that either ADHD's etiology is multidimensional or the aforementioned conditions have shared etiology with ADHD.
AB - This study investigated whether common comorbidities or biochemical factors, such as allergic disease, anemia, inflammation, and neurotransmitters, are singly or additively associated with an increased risk of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We recruited 216 children diagnosed with ADHD and 216 age-, sex-, height-, weight-, and class-matched controls from 31 elementary schools in Taipei, Taiwan. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire was used to measure allergic symptoms. Fasting venous blood was collected and analyzed for complete blood count, white blood cell differential count, immunoglobulin (Ig) E level, and serotonin (5-HT) level. The results showed that symptoms of both rhinitis (OR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.42-3.05) and eczema (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.02-2.88) were significantly associated with increased risk of ADHD. Children with ADHD showed considerably lower levels of hemoglobin (p = 0.001) and 5-HT (p < 0.001) and higher IgE level (p < 0.001) and eosinophil count (p = 0.001) than did control children. ADHD risk increased with the number of aforementioned biochemical risk factors present (one factor: OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 0.87-4.18; two factors: OR = 2.90, 95% CI = 1.29-6.48; three factors: OR = 4.47, 95% CI = 1.97-10.13; four factors: OR = 6.53, 95% CI = 2.43-17.57). Findings suggest that either ADHD's etiology is multidimensional or the aforementioned conditions have shared etiology with ADHD.
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U2 - 10.1038/s41598-018-28702-5
DO - 10.1038/s41598-018-28702-5
M3 - Article
C2 - 29980754
AN - SCOPUS:85049643997
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 8
JO - Scientific Reports
JF - Scientific Reports
IS - 1
M1 - 10229
ER -