TY - JOUR
T1 - Aminoazo dye-protein-adduct enhances inhibitory effect on digestibility and damages to Gastro-Duodenal-Hepatic axis
AU - Lin, Li Yun
AU - Peng, Chiung Chi
AU - Chen, Yeh
AU - Huang, Boa Chan
AU - Chang, Chun Chao
AU - Peng, Robert Y.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Lin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
PY - 2017/4
Y1 - 2017/4
N2 - 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB, methyl yellow, or butter yellow), a human carcinogen, has been banned for use in foods since 1988. In 2014, DAB adulteration in Tofu occurred in Taiwan. We hypothesize that DAB can form [DAB·SBP]adduct adductwith soybean protein (SBP) which could damage Gastro-Duodenal-Hepatic axis. Sprague-Dawley rats gavage fed [DAB·SBP]adduct adductrevealed severely reduced body weight and damaged duodenum, liver, hepatic mitochondria, and spleen. Hepatic levels of glutathione and ATP were severely reduced. Serum GOT and GPT were substantially elevated. Analysis by the adsorption isotherm clearly revealed DAB formed very stable [DAB·SBP]adduct adductat 1:1 molar ration (Phase A). The equilibrium constant of this colloidal adduct[DAB·SBP]adductwas KeqA=α, behaving as gross]conjugate, with KeqC = 3.23×1-2 mg/mL, implicating a moderately strong adsorption. The in vitro pepsin digestibility test showed apparently reduced digestibility by 27% (by Ninhydrin assay) or 8% (by Bradford assay). Conclusively, this is the first report indicating that [DAB·SBP]adductpotentially is capable to damage the Gastro-Duodenal-Hepatic axis.
AB - 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB, methyl yellow, or butter yellow), a human carcinogen, has been banned for use in foods since 1988. In 2014, DAB adulteration in Tofu occurred in Taiwan. We hypothesize that DAB can form [DAB·SBP]adduct adductwith soybean protein (SBP) which could damage Gastro-Duodenal-Hepatic axis. Sprague-Dawley rats gavage fed [DAB·SBP]adduct adductrevealed severely reduced body weight and damaged duodenum, liver, hepatic mitochondria, and spleen. Hepatic levels of glutathione and ATP were severely reduced. Serum GOT and GPT were substantially elevated. Analysis by the adsorption isotherm clearly revealed DAB formed very stable [DAB·SBP]adduct adductat 1:1 molar ration (Phase A). The equilibrium constant of this colloidal adduct[DAB·SBP]adductwas KeqA=α, behaving as gross]conjugate, with KeqC = 3.23×1-2 mg/mL, implicating a moderately strong adsorption. The in vitro pepsin digestibility test showed apparently reduced digestibility by 27% (by Ninhydrin assay) or 8% (by Bradford assay). Conclusively, this is the first report indicating that [DAB·SBP]adductpotentially is capable to damage the Gastro-Duodenal-Hepatic axis.
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U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0170555
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0170555
M3 - Article
C2 - 28430776
AN - SCOPUS:85018547402
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 12
JO - PLoS ONE
JF - PLoS ONE
IS - 4
M1 - e0170555
ER -