Actinomycosis of the salivary gland

Actinomycetes are saprophytic bacteria of the oral cavity. They can cause a rare, chronic and suppurative reaction of the teeth and mandible, and then involve the cervical region. We present a case of salivary gland actinomycosis mimicking a neoplasm. The patient underwent surgical excision and pathology confirmed the diagnosis of actinomycosis. He took an oral form of amoxicillin for 2 months after the operation. At the 1-year follow-up, there was no evidence of recurrence. Primary actinomycosis of the salivary gland is very rare and can mimic a neoplasm both clinically and radiologically. Successful treatment relies on adequate surgical drainage or excision and prolonged antibiotic therapy.