A rational approach for the design and synthesis of 1-acetyl-3,5-diaryl-4, 5-dihydro(1H)pyrazoles as a new class of potential non-purine xanthine oxidase inhibitors

Xanthine oxidase is a complex molybdoflavoprotein that catalyses the hydroxylation of xanthine to uric acid. Fifty three analogues of 1-acetyl-3,5-diaryl-4,5-dihydro(1H)pyrazoles were rationally designed and synthesized and evaluated for in vitro xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity for the first time. Some notions about structure activity relationships are presented. Six compounds 41, 42, 44, 46, 55 and 59 were found to be most active against XO with IC₅₀ ranging from 5.3 μM to 15.2 μM. The compound 59 emerged as the most potent XO inhibitor (IC₅₀ = 5.3 μM). Some of the important interactions of 59 with the amino acid residues of active site of XO have been figured out by molecular modeling.