A longitudinal study of predictors of depression among people living with HIV in Malang, Indonesia

Objective: To analyze the correlation between predictors (social support, resilience, and stigma) and depression among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) in Malang over one year of study. Methodology: Initially, 634 persons consented to participate. After one year of follow-up, there were 496 remained (June 2020 to September 2021). Baseline questions measured were sociodemographic characteristics, medications, social support, resilience, stigma and depression. After one-year of follow-up, multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the correlation between predictors and depression. Results: The multivariate logistic regression showed that social support, resilience, and stigma were significant predictors of depression (p < 0.05). Patients with higher levels of social support and resilience were 0.92 and 0.91 less likely to be depressed, respectively. Participants with a higher stigma were 1.04 times more likely to suffer from depression. Conclusion: Worsening depressing within one-year of follow-up might significantly be correlated with increasing stigma, less resilience, and less of social support. Therefore, this study’s results might give a significantrecommendation for the Government for developing HIV policy, which also addressing their mental health issue through maintaining their social support and resilience, and minimalizing stigma against PLHIV.