TY - JOUR
T1 - A benzamide-linked small molecule HS-Cf inhibits TNF-α-induced interferon regulatory factor-1 in porcine chondrocytes
T2 - A potential disease-modifying drug for osteoarthritis therapeutics
AU - Liu, Feng Cheng
AU - Huang, Hsu Shan
AU - Huang, Chuan Yueh
AU - Yang, Ro
AU - Chang, Deh Ming
AU - Lai, Jenn Haung
AU - Ho, Ling Jun
PY - 2011/12
Y1 - 2011/12
N2 - Background Using tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-activated porcine chondrocytes as a screening tool, we aim to synthesize and identify small-molecule inhibitors preserving immunomodulatory effects as therapeutics for osteoarthritis (OA). Methods Chondrocytes were isolated from pig joints. A minilibrary of 300 benzamide-linked small molecules was established. The levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) were measured by Western blot and Griess reaction, respectively. Proteoglycan degradation in cartilage explants was determined by histochemistry analysis. The activation of transcription factors and protein kinases was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays or Western blots. Zymography and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction were used to determine enzyme activity and expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and aggrecanases, respectively. Results Bioassay screening of benzamide-linked small molecules revealed that 2-hydroxy-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] benzamide (HS-Cf) was a potent inhibitor of NO production and iNOS expression in TNF-α-stimulated porcine chondrocytes. HS-Cf suppressed TNF-α-induced activity of MMP-13 and expressions of several aggrecanases and prevented TNF-α-mediated reduction of collagen II. Histochemistry analysis confirmed that HS-Cf could prevent TNF-α-induced degradation and release of proteoglycan/aggrecan in cartilage explants. Such effects by HS-Cf were likely through suppressing TNF-α-induced interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) but not nuclear factor-kappaB signaling. The significance of IRF-1 was further confirmed by short hairpin knockdown studies. Conclusions In aminilibrary containing 300 small molecules, we identified a benzamide-linked small molecule, HS-Cf, that through down-regulating TNF-α-induced IRF-1 activity suppressed chondrocyte activation and prevented cartilage destruction. HS-Cf might be a potential disease-modifying drug for OA therapeutics.
AB - Background Using tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-activated porcine chondrocytes as a screening tool, we aim to synthesize and identify small-molecule inhibitors preserving immunomodulatory effects as therapeutics for osteoarthritis (OA). Methods Chondrocytes were isolated from pig joints. A minilibrary of 300 benzamide-linked small molecules was established. The levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) were measured by Western blot and Griess reaction, respectively. Proteoglycan degradation in cartilage explants was determined by histochemistry analysis. The activation of transcription factors and protein kinases was determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays or Western blots. Zymography and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction were used to determine enzyme activity and expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and aggrecanases, respectively. Results Bioassay screening of benzamide-linked small molecules revealed that 2-hydroxy-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] benzamide (HS-Cf) was a potent inhibitor of NO production and iNOS expression in TNF-α-stimulated porcine chondrocytes. HS-Cf suppressed TNF-α-induced activity of MMP-13 and expressions of several aggrecanases and prevented TNF-α-mediated reduction of collagen II. Histochemistry analysis confirmed that HS-Cf could prevent TNF-α-induced degradation and release of proteoglycan/aggrecan in cartilage explants. Such effects by HS-Cf were likely through suppressing TNF-α-induced interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) but not nuclear factor-kappaB signaling. The significance of IRF-1 was further confirmed by short hairpin knockdown studies. Conclusions In aminilibrary containing 300 small molecules, we identified a benzamide-linked small molecule, HS-Cf, that through down-regulating TNF-α-induced IRF-1 activity suppressed chondrocyte activation and prevented cartilage destruction. HS-Cf might be a potential disease-modifying drug for OA therapeutics.
KW - Chondrocytes
KW - Inflammation
KW - Interferon regulatory factor-1
KW - Osteoarthritis
KW - Small molecule
KW - Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
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U2 - 10.1007/s10875-011-9576-9
DO - 10.1007/s10875-011-9576-9
M3 - Article
C2 - 21858617
AN - SCOPUS:84857054809
SN - 0271-9142
VL - 31
SP - 1131
EP - 1142
JO - Journal of Clinical Immunology
JF - Journal of Clinical Immunology
IS - 6
ER -