探討血液透析病患社會支持、自我照顧行為、生活品質現況及其影響因素

The purposes of this study were to understand social support, self-care behavior, and the quality of life among hemodialysis patients, and furthermore to explore relevant factors affecting their quality of life. 144 Hemodialysis patients were recruited at the hemodialysis center of a hospital in a certain area of New Taipei City. This study used cross-sectional design and structured questionnaire, including demographic characteristics, social support scale, self-care behavior scale, and the quality of life scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe's posteriori, Pearson's correlation and Stepwise regression. The finding of present study indicated social support from medical staff higher than that from their family and relatives. Self-care behavior regarding medicine use received the highest score and daily life care was reported the lowest. Environmental domain ranked the highest and the mental domain received the lowest average score in quality of life. The education level, marital status and number of households were associated with social support significantly. The gender and whether to use self-funded drugs were associated with self-care behavior significantly. The work status and economic status were associated with the quality of life significantly. The social support, self-care behavior and quality of life of the subjects all showed a positive correlation (r=.176-.391, p＜ .01), meaning that the more social support they acquired, the better self-care behavior they performed and the higher quality of life they enjoyed. The subjects' job status, economic conditions, self-rated recovery time, social support, and self-care behavior were variables that serve as the predictors of quality of life, which could explain 26.9% of the total variance of quality of life, among which self-care (p＜ .01) had the strongest explanation. In accordance with the study results, we suggested that patients' self-care behavior should be evaluated and tracked and that hemodialysis patients should receive appropriate health education about the proper ways of self-care. Improving in-service education of quality of life among hemodialysis patient for health care professionals, hosting study sessions and case study seminars, as well as sharing insights into the problems of hemodialysis patient care contribute to enhancing the quality of patient care.