基督教生態觀與在地生態知識：Holmes Rolston Ⅲ的「荒野」生態哲學

Inspired by the ecological philosophy of Holmes Rolston Ⅲ, this paper argues that there exists a strong correlation between Rolston's conception of wilderness and his living landscapes of America. Besides this, his wilderness philosophy also shows a close link with the ecological thinking of Hebrew culture within Christianity. Thus, no matter whether from the American wilderness philosophy or wilderness in the Hebrew culture of Christianity, Rolston eloquently develops his ecological thinking related to the localities he is close to. It is also worth noting that these different localities in his wilderness philosophy come together as a global ecological concern based on Christianity. His achievement by bringing the local into a global concern from an ecological philosophical perspective indicates the relation between the local and the global is dialectical rather than opposed. A good example is from the tradition of British natural history which provides local knowledge with strong sense of place, but then becomes a strong base for later development of ecological science that claims a global perspective. In a similar vein, this paper argues that Rolston's ecological philosophy also provides a good case to show that local ecological knowledge like the conceptions of wilderness in American and Hebrew cultures can provide rich contextual sources for reflecting on the universal doctrine within Christianity. Vice versa, some global ecological perspectives like the ”caring for the earth” metaphor shown by Christianity can also act as a framework for seeking the commonality of the different forms of local knowledge.