The Molecular Mechanism of Graphene Combined with Platelet-Rich Plasma in Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head: in Vitro and in Vivo Study

Avascular necrosis(AVN) is result the poor blood supply to the femoral head, caused by a series of renewal of the disease, the pathogenesis of AVN is not conclusive, and could occur in any bone of the body .The femoral head necrosis most common site, and there are many cause of avascular necrosis. If osteonecrosis site is very small, necrotic areas will be repaired quickly before osteonecrosis at this stage and is a reversible reaction. However, if there were large necrotic areas, they may cause necrosis of the femoral head, and finally lead to formation of degenerative arthritis.PRP (platelet-rich plasma) is the plasma containing a high concentration of platelets. The patient's blood after centrifugation and purification, a high concentration of platelets obtained from the serum of the layered, and then released by the activation of a multi-class growth factor, the cells will be able to play the efficient stimulation of the growth and differentiation capacity. Such as platelet-derivative growth factor (PDGF), conversion growth factor (TGF), vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) in epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) can promote cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, collagen synthesis, and angiogenesis.Graphene and its derivatives have unique physical, chemical and biological properties, such as promoting osteogenesis, increasing the wear resistance of composite materials, etc. It has broad application prospects in biomedicine and tissue engineering.The purpose of this project is to study Graphene combined with high concentrations of platelet-poor plasma for avascular necrosis of the femoral head (bone cells and surrounding chondrocytes ), and study regenerative potentials of PRP in AVN of femoral head and assess the value of possible changes and clinical use. Hoping to study for the prevention and treatment of femoral head necrosis. There are other options in the treatment which built on a clear mechanism.